Freedom/Liberty

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What did Johne Locke say freedom is ?

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1

What did Johne Locke say freedom is ?

a natural right

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2

What did Johne Locke say there wasn’t without law?

“Where this is no law there is no liberty”

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3

What did Locke say the role of the government was?

  • To protect a mans right to “life, liberty and estate”- the state is needed to mediate between competing individuals to enforce order

  • To protect property rights and prevent breach of contracts and fraud

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4

How did Locke argue the state should be constructed ?

Through a social contract

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5

What is the idea of the “social contract”

  • Where individuals are governed by consent

  • Humans are rational and would therefore acknowledge that rights are best protected by the state to resolve clashes between individuals

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6

What would happen if the state broke the social contract by not protecting or enhancing natural rights ?

The the people were within their rights to withdraw their consent and replace the government

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7

What do classical liberals believe the state should practise?

Concepts of a limited government

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8

What does a limited state emphasis ?

Free market/laissez fair economics

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9

Who does Locke believe the state should represent the interests of?

Everyone

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10

What does Mill say we should be free to do?

Anything as long as we are not harming others- then the state can intervene

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11

What did Mill believe Individual liberty was essential for?

The development of the individual in terms of creativity m culture and intellect

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12

Why did Mill oppose popular democracy ?

Tyranny of the majority- opted for representative democracy

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13

When does Mill believe the state must intervene?

  • When you are harming someone else

  • To allow individuals to attain developmental individualism

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14

What is the classical liberal conception of freedom ?

  • Atomistic

  • Made up individuals with their own interests

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15

Why do classical liberals say people fail/succeed?

Due to their own efforts

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16

why do classical liberals believe that the state shouldn’t provide welfare ?

Leads to dependency culture

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17

What is the impact of rugged individualism ?

  • Will make society more dynamic as individuals have to succeed on their own merits and efforts

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18

What did MIll believe the state had the moral right to do?

Educate individuals

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19

What does negative freedom focus on?

Freedom from the state

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20

What does positive freedom allow for?

The state have a role in advancing civil liberties

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21

What does Rawls say an “enabling state” will allow for?

For an individuals future to not be determined at birth

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22

What did Woolstone craft advocate for ?

Formal Equality

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23

What does egoistical individualism mean and who supports it?

  • Individuals are self reliant, self interested and rational

  • Classical Liberals (Locke+Mill)

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24

Who did Mill say is sovereign ?

people

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25

How do classical liberals view freedom?

In the negative sense

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26

Which of Mills ideas seemed to advocate for positive freedom?

  • His ideas of developmental individualism such as universal education which the state would need to facilitate

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27

What can Modern and classical liberals broadly agree on in the core idea of individualism ?

The need for self reliance - however modern liberals say that some need a hand up from the state to achieve this

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28

What do modern liberals say the issue is with negative freedom?

The lack of assistance from the state only compounds social and economic disadvantage

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29

What do modern liberals say the impact of positive freedom is?

An even playing field

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30

To neo liberals what is modern liberalism a betrayal of?

Core values of a limited state and egoistical individualism

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31

What is a “mechanistic state”

A state supported by both classical and modern liberals as a state created by individuals to serve them and act in their interests (differ on what the best interests are)

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