Meiosis Vocab

studied byStudied by 41 people
5.0(4)
Get a hint
Hint

Anaphase

1 / 23

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

For bio william

24 Terms

1

Anaphase

______ is the stage of mitosis/meiosis where the sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers.

New cards
2

Chromosome

A __________ is a long, coiled-up strand of DNA that contains genes and other genetic information.

Throughout most of a cell’s life cycle, the DNA is unraveled. The DNA only condenses into ___________ during cell division.

New cards
3

Crossover

a process in which homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material.

________ occurs during the prophase I stage of meiosis.

New cards
4

Cytokinesis

a stage during mitosis or meiosis where the cytoplasm is divided, creating two daughter cells from one parent cell.

New cards
5

Diploid

a cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

The body, or somatic, cells of an organism (all cells other than the germ cells) are _________.

New cards
6

DNA

______ is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and function of all living organisms. It is composed of nucleotides that are arranged in a double helix structure.

New cards
7

Dominant

a trait that is always expressed when it is present.

_______ alleles are usually represented by capital letters, such as F

New cards
8

Gamete

a mature, haploid reproductive cell that is created as a result of meiosis.

  • Male cells that undergo meiosis produce _______ called sperm cells.

  • Female cells that undergo meiosis produce polar bodies and ________ called egg cells (ova)

New cards
9

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism

The __________ of an organism refers to its complete set of inherited genes that determine its physical and behavioral traits.

New cards
10

Germ cell

a sexual reproductive cell that has the potential to develop into gametes.

______ cells include gametes as well as the diploid cells that divide to produce gametes

New cards
11

Haploid

a cell containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

_______ cells contain half the number of chromosomes as diploid cells. The gametes (sperm and egg cells) of an organism are ______.

New cards
12

Homologous chromosomes

a pair of chromosomes that are similar in length as well as gene and centromere position

New cards
13

Interphase

a phase in a cell’s life cycle where it grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for cell division

New cards
14

Meiosis

a type of cell division in which a parent cell divides twice, producing four daughter cells.

During _______, DNA is replicated only once, resulting in four daughter cells with half the amount of genetic material (haploid) as the parent (diploid)

New cards
15

Metaphase

a stage during mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate and chromosomes attach to spindle fibers

New cards
16

Mitosis

a type of cell division in which a parent cell divides once, producing two daughter cells.

During _______, the DNA is replicated once, resulting in two daughter cells that have exact copies of the parent cell’s DNA

New cards
17

Ovum

(egg cell) – a female germ cell involved in reproduction.

An _____ can grow into an organism after it is fertilized by a sperm cell.

New cards
18

Phenotype

the physical appearance of an organism.

Organisms with different genotypes can have the same __________. For example, an RR fruit fly and an Rr fruit fly both will have red eyes.

New cards
19

Prophase

a stage during mitosis and meiosis in which the nuclear envelope breaks down, the chromosomes condense, and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.

New cards
20

Recessive

a trait that is not expressed when the dominant allele is present.

__________ alleles are usually represented by lowercase letters, such as f

New cards
21

Sister chromatids

two identical strands of DNA in a chromosome connected by a centromere

New cards
22

Sperm cell

a male germ cell involved in reproduction.

  • Immature spermatids develop into ______ cells.

  • _______ cells can fertilize egg cells during reproduction

New cards
23

Telophase

a stage during mitosis and meiosis in which the DNA unwinds and the nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes or chromatids

New cards
24

Zygote

a fertilized cell that forms from the fusion of an egg cell and a sperm cell

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13545 people
Updated ... ago
4.7 Stars(59)
note Note
studied byStudied by 189 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 20 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard105 terms
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard27 terms
studied byStudied by 204 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(3)
flashcards Flashcard38 terms
studied byStudied by 7 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard47 terms
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard28 terms
studied byStudied by 13 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard51 terms
studied byStudied by 1 person
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard66 terms
studied byStudied by 5 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard23 terms
studied byStudied by 51 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)