Meiosis and Genetic Variation

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to meiosis, genetic variation, and sex-linked traits.

Prophase I

The stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs.

Independent Assortment

The random pairing of homologous chromosomes during Metaphase I, causing different combinations of chromosomes.

Nondisjunction

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes in the gametes.

Meiosis I

The first division of meiosis where homologous chromosomes are separated into two haploid cells.

Crossing Over

The process occurring in prophase I where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA, creating new allele combinations.

Linkage

The phenomenon where genes located close together on the same chromosome are usually inherited together.

X Inactivation

The process in XX individuals where one of the two X chromosomes is randomly silenced to ensure balanced expression of X-linked genes.

Reciprocal Cross

A genetic cross where the sexes of the parents are reversed, helpful in determining sex linkage.

Haploid

A cell that has a single set of chromosomes (n).

Diploid

A cell that has two sets of chromosomes (2n).