BMIS Ch. Flashcards

Information System (IS)

Ch. 1: A structured integration of people, processes, data, and technology that supports business operations and decision-making

Digital Transformation

Ch. 1: The strategic integration of digital technologies that reshape business models, processes, and customer experiences

Competitive Advantage

Ch. 1: The ability to outperform rivals through unique resources or capabilities, often enabled by superior use of IS

Business Process

Ch. 1: A structured set of activities that produce a product or service, often optimized through IS

Enterprise System (ERP)

Ch. 1: Large-scale platforms that integrate finance, HR, supply chain, and other business functions across an organization

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Ch. 1: Systems that capture and process daily business transactions like sales or reservations

Business Intelligence (BI)

Ch. 1: Tools and practices for analyzing data to provide insights and support decision-making

Digital Ecosystem

Ch. 1: The interconnected network of technologies, partners, and platforms that support digital business operations

Systems Thinking

Ch.1: A holistic approach to understanding how business functions and technologies interact within larger systems

Data Governance

Ch. 1: Policies and practices ensuring data accuracy, security, and ethical use across the organization

Application Software

Ch. 2: programs designed to accomplish specific business tasks, from productivity tools to ERP and CRM systems

Digital Infrastructure

Ch. 2: The combined foundation of hardware, software, and networks that enable digital business operations

Digitization

Ch. 2: The process of converting analog information into digital formats that can be stored, processed, and analyzed, transforming how businesses operate

Hardware

Ch. 2: Physical components of technology systems, from CPUs and memory to IOT devices and mobile hardware

Middleware

Ch. 2: Software that connects different applications and systems, enabling integration and communication

Operating System (OS)

Ch. 2: System software that manages hardware resources and provides the platform for applications

Processing Unit (CPU/GPU)

Ch. 2: The “Brain” of computing systems, executing instructions and powering performance

Software

Ch. 2: programs and applications that provide instructions to hardware, including operating systems, enterprise software, and middleware

Storage

Ch. 2: Devices and technologies (HDDs, SSDs, cloud storage) that retain business data for long-term use

Virtualization

Ch. 2: Technology that allows multiple operating systems or applications to run on one physical machine, improving efficiency and scalability

Local Area Network (LAN)

Ch. 3: A private, high-speed network that connects devices within a limited area like an office or campus

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Ch. 3: A network spanning large geographic areas, linking multiple LANs via the internet or private systems

Bandwidth

Ch.3: The maximum rate of data transfer across a network; influences speed and reliability

Latency

Ch.3: The time delay in transmitting data; critical for real-time applications like video calls or trading

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Ch. 3 an encrypted tunnel that secures data transmitted over public networks

Cloud Computing

Ch. 3 The delivery of computing resources (servers, storage, applications) over the internet

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Ch. 3 Cloud-delivered applications (e.g. Salesforce, Zoom, Microsoft 365) accessed via subscription

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Ch. 3 Cloud platforms enabling developers to build and deploy applications without managing infrastructure

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Ch. 3 Cloud services providing virtualized computing resources like servers and storage

Edge Computing

Ch. 3 Processing data closer to its source (ex IoT devices) to reduce latency and improve efficiency

Database

Ch.4 A structured collection of data stored electronically, typically managed by a DBMS

Database Management System (DBMS)

Ch. 4 Software that manages databases and enables data creation, retrieval, and administration

Structured Data

Ch. 4 Information organized in predefined formats (e.g. tables, spreadsheets)

Unstructured Data

Ch. 4 Data without predefined formats, such as emails, videos, or social media

Data Warehouse

Ch. 4 A centralized repository for analytics and reporting

Data Lake

Ch. 4 A storage system holding raw data in its native format until needed

ETL (Extract, Transform, Load)

Ch. 4 The process of extracting data, cleaning and formatting it, and loading it into target systemsB

Business Analytics

Ch. 4 The use of statistical and computational methods to turn data into insights for decision-making

Descriptive/Predictive/Prescriptive Analytics

Ch.4 Types of analytics that explain past performance, forecast future outcomes, and recommend actions

Data Visualization

Ch. 4 The use of charts, dashboards, and visual tools to communicate insights effectively

Automation

Ch.5 The use of technology to perform tasks with minimal human intervention, improving efficiency and reducing errors

Task Automation

Ch.5 The automation of specific, repetitive activities such as data entry or invoice generation

Process Automation

Ch.5 Streamlining entire workflows across departments or systems

Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

Ch.5 Software bots that mimic human actions to complete rules-based tasks

Workflow Automation

Ch.5 Tools that design, execute, and monitor automated business processes

Augmentation

Ch.5 Using automation to enhance human work, allowing humans and machines to collaborate

Business Pross Management (BPM)

Ch.5 A structured approach to analyzing, designing, and optimizing processes

Low-Code/No-Code Platforms

Ch.5 Tools enabling non-technical users to build automated workflows with drag-and-drop interfaces

Chatbots

Ch.5 Automated conversational tools that handle customer or employee interactions

Return on Automation (ROA)

Ch.5 A measure of the value created by automation relative to implementation costs

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Ch.6 Computer systems capable of performing tasks that require human-like intelligence, such as learning and decision-making

Machine Learning (ML)

Ch.6 A subset of AI where algorithms learn patterns from data to improve over time

Deep Learning

Ch.6 An advanced form of ML using layered neural networks for tasks like image recognition and natural language processing

Generative AI

Ch.6 AI that produces new content (text, images, code) based on patterns learned from data

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Ch.6 AI technology that interprets and generates human language, enabling chatbots, translation, and sentiment analysis

Computer Vision

Ch.6 AI that enables machines to interpret and analyze visual data such as images and video

Chatbots

Ch.6 AI conversational agents used for customer service and support

Predictive Analytics

Ch.6  Using AI/ML to forecast trends and outcomes from historical data

AI Governance

Ch.6 Policies and frameworks guiding responsible AI adoption within organizations

Human-In-Loop

Ch.6 AI systems design that incorporates human judgment and oversight at critical decision points

Technology Evaluation Framework

Ch.7 A structured approach for assessing technologies based on functionality, cost, risks, and alignment with business goals

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

Ch.7 The full cost of acquiring, implementing, and maintaining a technology solution across its lifecycle

Return on Investment (ROI)

Ch.7 A financial metric comparing the benefits of a technology investment with its costs

Request for Proposal (RFP)

Ch.7 A formal document to solicit vendor proposals outlining requirements and evaluation criteria

Service Level Agreement (SLA)

Ch.7 A contract defining performance expectations, uptime, and support commitments with a vendor

Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC)

Ch.7 The structured process of planning, building, testing, and deploying software

Agile Methodology

Ch.7 An interactive development method emphasizing, flexibility, collaboration, and rapid delivery

Waterfall Methodology

Ch.7 A sequential approach to development with distinct, completed phases

Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

Ch.7 A functional version of a product with essential features to validate assumptions with users

Change Management

Ch.7 A structured approach to preparing people and organizations for adopting new technologies

Cybersecurity

Ch.8 The practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access or attacks

CIA Triad

Ch.8 The three pillars of security: confidentiality, integrity, and availability

Risk Management

Ch.8 The process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating threats that could harm organizational assets

Threat

Ch.8 A potential danger that could exploit a weakness and cause harm to systems or data

Vulnerability

Ch.8 A weakness in technology, processes, or people that can be exploited by threats

Malware

Ch.8 Malicious software such as viruses, worms, or ransomware designed to disrupt or damage systems

Phishing

Ch.8 A deceptive attack tricking users into revealing sensitive information or installing malware

Encryption

Ch.8 converting data into a secure format that requires a key to access

Multi-Factor-Authentication (MFA)

Ch.8 A security measure requiring multiple forms of identity verification

Business Continuity Planning (BCP)

Ch.8 preparing procedures and systems to ensure organizations can operate during and after disruptions 

Emerging Technology

Ch.9 New or developing technologies with potential to disrupt industries or create new markets

Digital Fluency

Ch.9 The ability to evaluate, adopt, and adapt to digital technologies with confidence

Technology Roadmap

Ch.9 A planning tool that outlines how technology capabilities will evolve over time

Disruptive Innovation

Ch.9 Technologies or models that fundamentally change industries and displace incumbents

Technology Adoption Lifecycle

Ch.9 A model describing how innovations spread across adopter categories

Hype Cycle

Ch.9 A framework describing stages of emerging technology adoption, from inflated expectations to productive use

Blockchain

Ch.9 A distributed ledger enabling secure, transparent, and tamper-resistant transactions

Quantum Computing

Ch.9 A new computing paradigm leveraging quantum mechanics for advanced problem-solving

Extended Reality (XR)

Ch.9 Technologies that blend digital and physical environments (VR, AR, MR)

Career Agility

Ch.9 The ability to pivot career paths and adapt to changing technological and market conditions