The changing nature of archaeological excavation and recording techniques
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The contribution of archaeological and scientific techniques to the discovery and investigation of the ancient past, including site surveys using radar, excavation, dating methods, forensic examination and DNA analysis
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Problems associated with reconstructing the past through archaeological evidence, for example in Relation to understanding ancient customs and religious beliefs
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The contribution and limitations of ancient texts, inscriptions and iconography to an understanding of the ancient past
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Problems of authenticity, including the identification and origin of ancient artefacts, human remains and documents, and the reliability of ancient writers who did not witness the events they describe
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Methods of authentication, including scientific and comparative dating techniques for documents and objects, and cross-referencing of ancient sources
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Ancient sources that have been deemed to be fakes or forgeries over time and the difficulties of authentication associated with these sources
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The nature of the site(s), and the condition and extent of the remains
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Issues of conservation and preservation of the site(s), including factors which threaten the integrity or survival of the ancient site, for example environmental factors, war, deliberate destruction, pillaging, poverty
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The effectiveness/appropriateness of methods used to preserve, conserve and/or reconstruct the site(s), including relevant national or international charters or conventions, for example UNESCO, and international efforts to protect ancient sites of World Heritage significance
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The methods and results of scientific analysis (dating of finds and forensic techniques) and modern preservation of remains
15
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The significance of the human remains and other sources, for example, written, for an understanding of the life and times in which they lived, including: the social status of individuals
* the beliefs and practices of the society * the health of ancient populations * the nature of the environment
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The ethical issues relevant to the treatment, display and ownership of the remains, for example the use of invasive methods of scientific analysis.