what is the theory introduced by mentalism?
A person’s mind is responsible for their behavior, would suggest that that the mind is independent if the body and works through the heart
cardio centric hypothesis
the brain was not thought to be important to behavior, the heart was central
what is the theory introduced by dualism?
the mind and body are separate, but interact to create behavior
Mind body problem
how can the mind affect the body, but not the other way around?
What is the theory introduced by materialism?
the nervous system can explain rational behavior (supported by the evolutionary theory)
What are the two major halves of the cerebrum?
The right and left hemispheres
Nerve nets
a simple nervous system, a net with no center system (decentralized) to send information to but rather contains neurons connected in ways that allow them to relay information
bilateral symmetry
one side of the organism mirrors the other side
Segmentation
the separate anatomical structures of the brain
ganglia
A cluster of neurons (often classified as a brain) that are a part of the PNS and carry nerve signals to and from the CNS
Spinal cord
connects the brain to sensory pathways
Which developmental structure develops into the spinal cord?
notochord
What are the two major divisions of the brain?
The CNS
The PNS
What are the components of the CNS?
The brain: encased by the skull
the spinal cord: encased by the vertebrae
What are embodied behaviors?
Proposes that the movements we make and the movements we perceive in others are central to our behavior
Which philosopher is associated with dualism?
Descartes
Which philosopher is associated with Mentalism?
Aristotle
Which philosopher is associated with materialism?
Darwin and Wallace
What is Hebb’s contemporary view on brain and behavior?
suggests that learning is enabled by small groups of neurons forming new connections with one another to form a cell assembly
What is the function of heritable factors (genes)?
they govern the various physical traits
Genotype
the genetic makeup of an individual which governs the outcome of the various measurable traits
Phenotypes
Set of individual traits that can be seen or measured