The Nadir of Race Relation

The Nadir Period

The low point of African American history

Nadir

The low point

What happened two decades after the Civil War and southerners who came into power in that decade?

They were young during Reconstruction and educated after Emancipation.

When they came of political age, the white people were determined to find new solutions to what?

“The Negros Problem”

With the political age, the black cohort was just as determined to win what?

Its fair share of opportunities and resources

Disfranchisement

Having the right to vote removed or denied

South Carolina Eight Box Law

The correct ballot had to be put into the corresponding ballot box

Assistance in the South Carolina Eight Box Law meant what?

Illiteracy, therefore they are disqualified

Anyone who is associated with this crimes could not vote.

Black Crimes

Anyone who is associated this crimes could vote.

White Crimes

Examples of Black Crimes

Arson, Bigamy, Petty theft

Examples of White Crimes

Murder, Rape, Grand larceny

What were given to determine if someone can read a ballot?

Literacy Tests

What was the purpose of the literacy tests?

To determine if someone could vote.

Grandfather Clause

A person had to prove their ancestors vote prior to 1865 in order to vote

Poll Tax

A yearly, cumulative tax paid for the right to vote

Jim Crow

A character performed by Thomas “Daddy” Rice, which the character represents a slave

What word was not used in the late 19th century to describe racial separation?

Segregation

Who performed Jim Crow?

Thomas “Daddy” Rice

Plessy vs. Ferguson

The case that involved a man who was 1/8 black and a railroad company

Racial Etiquette

The unwritten rules of interaction between whites and Blacks

The Chinese Exclusion Act

This law lead to the proliferation of Chinese restaurants

The Wilmington Riot

A riot that took place in North Carolina

Reasons of the Wilmington Riot

Black and poor whites gained political power (the Republican plus the Populist means the Fusion Party)

Reasons of the Wilmington Riot

Racist articles stating Black men were “taking advantage of” white women

Reasons of the Wilmington Riot

Whites in the Fusion Party were convinced to join the Democrats

Outcomes of the Wilmington Riot

Black political power in Wilmington, North Carolina vanished

Outcomes of the Wilmington Riot

Democrats “redeemed” the city

Outcomes of the Wilmington Riot

The majority of Blacks left the city and relocated

Lynching

A murder of Blacks without due process

Ida B. Wells

A teacher who was removed from a railcar for racial reason, which she sued and won the case but it was appealed and overturned

The Exodusters

The migration of Blacks from the South to the West

Convict Leasing

The renting of prisoners to private companies for use as labor

Talented Tenth

The most educated Blacks

Who founded the Hampton Model?

W.E.B. DuBois

Who founded the Tuskegee Model?

Booker T. Washington

Why was Hampton Institute founded in 1868?

It was founded to be a teaching school, as well as a trading school

How did Booker T. Washington feel African Americans could best help themselves?

African Americans could be self-sufficient

What did the curriculum at Tuskegee Institute focus on?

Basic things; Hygiene, Deportment, Etiquette, and etc.

Why did Du Bois break with the NAACP in 1948 and why did he relocate to Ghana in 1962?

He thought that civil rights was too slow

Chicago 1919

Started after a youth crossed the invisible boundary line while swimming in Lake Michigan

Tulsa 1921

Started because a white women was allegedly assaulted by a Black man in an elevator, the wealthiest Black neighborhood was destroyed by an aerial firebombing

Greenwood

Wealthiest Black neighborhood

Rosewood 1923

Started because a white woman alleged to have been assaulted by a Black man, mobs of white men attacked Blacks and burned the neighborhood to the ground

The Great Migration

The mass movement of Blacks from the south to the north

The Harlem Renaissance

The black lead movement in Manhattan

What theme did most Harlem Renaissance authors based their writing?

The experience of Blacks in the rural South and in the cities of North

What kinds of music did African-American musicians and composers make famous?

Blues and jazz

George Washington Carver

A scientist in the Harlem Renaissance who convinced farmers to grow peanuts and sweet potatoes, turned things like peanuts and sweet potatoes into items which are now commonly used

What did George Washington Carver turned with peanuts?

Ink, coffee, soap, dyes, flour, wood stains

What did George Washington Carver turned with sweet potatoes?

Rubber, vinegar, molasses, flour

What did George Washington Carver also make that isn’t related to peanuts or sweet potatoes?

Made paint from clay and synthetic marble from wood shavings