Language Contact: Language Birth, Pidgins, Creoles

Pidgin languages

________ are formed and used by the first- generation of speakers who come into contact with one another.

Languages

________ are unrelated but have grown similar in structure because of their proximity to each other.

Pidgins

________ develop in situations where speakers of dif languages are tossed together abruptly (slavery, indentured workers, etc)

Loan translation

________ /calques: translating word for word even when that language doesnt use that phrase.

Simplest phonology

________ wins- reduction of consonant clusters, reduction in the number of allophones.

Bioprogram hypothesis

________: without the input of parents, language develops as pidgins in predictable ways.

Pidgin

________ often uses multiple words to form a complex idea.

Contact linguistics

________: linguistic patterns of when two speech communities come into contact.

Pidgins

________ tend to have the smaller number of phonemes of language 1 and 2.

Pidgins

________ tend to be analytic- isolating.

contact linguistics

linguistic patterns of when two speech communities come into contact

borrowing

superficial contact

societal multilingualism

enduring contact

harmful contact

language shift ➝ language death

superficial contact

borrowing and loans

loan translation / calques

translating word for word even when that language doesnt use that phrase

more accurate

permanent loan / adaptation)

L1 + L2 = L3

like spanglish.. bilinguals mix the codes of L1 and L2 so often that a kind of hybrid evolves

one serves as the lexifier

vocabulary

one serves as the grammaticaler

grammar

simplest phonology wins

reduction of consonant clusters, reduction in the number of allophones

syntax

usually SVO

semantics

very small vocabulary

single origin

proto pidgin hypotheses

bioprogram hypothesis

without the input of parents, language develops as pidgins in predictable ways

called nativization

developing the language

superficial contact

borrowing, areal features

enduring contact

language mixing, pidgin, creole