Period 2 (everything b4 American revolution)

Summaries of European motives for colonization

Gold God Glory

Spanish Goals:

Extraction of Wealth. First gold and silver, then transformed into cash crops. Also spread Christianity

French and Dutch Goals

Want to establish trade relationships especially fur trade instead of conquest. French and Dutch had fewer permanent settlements than Spanish. French: Quebec Dutch: newhamsterdam

British Goals

Land became scarce in Britain, religious persecution people wanted to escape for religious freedom, economic prosperity.

First pernmanet settlization from England? And who were the settlers and what were their goals

Jamestown in Chesapeake: Mainly indentured servant men looking for wealth and work

Governance in the New England colonies

Largely self governing. Unusally democratic because of the distance(Atlantic Ocean) from Britain to the Americas. An example of self governance was the Mayflower compact from the pilgrims.

House of Burgesses

A form of self government in Virginia which is a representative assembly that could levy taxes and pass laws.

Triangle Trade

a system of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, with a key focus on the transatlantic slave trade.

King Phillip’s War aka Metacoms War

Metacome was the chief of the wompanog Indians, realized the lang hungry was never going to stop. So they allied with other Native American groups to attack British settlements.

Pueblo revolt (to what extent were they successful)

The pueblos resistance to Spanish land grab and christianizing mission. Successful at first (kept spaniards out of Mexico for 12 years), but they ensured the survival of their culture and language. Drought and disease soon weakened the tribe

Which colony had the most enslaved African Americans

Caribbeans and souther chesapeake, the more up north the less slaves like New England.

How did slaves rebel

Maintaining their customs and cultures from their homeland (Covert), Burning plantations and killing white peoplel(Overt)

Was there resistance from African laborers? and what were the consequences. name a major rebellion

Yes. The Stono Rebellion in South Carolina. The rebellion was suppressed and led to stricter laws and greater control over enslaved people in South Carolina and other Southern colonies. 

Due to print what major event happened in 1685

FIRST ENLIGHTENMENT: social contract and natural rights → weakened religious authority

First Great Awakening

First national movement which became the first step in developing a national identity

Anglicanized

To become more English, American colonies are becoming more like English institutions.

British Impressment

Seizing colonial men, forcing them to serve British royal navy. Led to resistance and rioting. Colonists began to view things like this as a violation to they natural rights

1754

French and Indian War

Causes of French and Indian War/ part of 7 years war

territorial disputes and the struggle for control of the Ohio River Valley between Great Britain and France as they both wanted lucrative fur trade and fertile land in the region.

Proclamation line of 1763

Drew a line over original colonial borders, limiting expansion further west which frustrated colonists since they feel entitled to the land after all they fought during the F&I war.

Taxation without Representation. causes of heavy taxes?

British debt was doubled after that war so they levy taxes on colonists to pay for it. No colonial representation in parliament led to revolutionary war.

Lexington Concord

From the early 1760s to 1775 American colonists complained bitterly about British policies that taxed them without representation. Nonetheless, they did not advocate taking up arms against king and parliament. The Battles of Lexington and Concord changed that.

Coercive Acts

Shutted down Boston harbor until colonists paid for their lost tea that was dumped during Boston tea party.

Despite Britain’s ___ and ___ advantages, the America Patriots ___ the revolutionary war and gained ___

military and financial, won independence

Loyalists

Colonists who opposed independence, staying loyal to Britain

Patriots..what 2 ideals did they align with

Colonists who wanted independence (natural writes, social contract) They aligned with enlightenment ideals and republicanism

Victory at Saratoga 1777

Resulting in a decisive American victory and ultimately securing French support for the colonists. French is now allies with patriots because they always wanted to starts a fight with Big Britain

First constitution of United States of America

The Articles of Confederation. failed because it lacked a strong central federal government by putting all power into a Legislative body. cant tax states, no provision for national military.

Northwest Ordinace 1787

Abolished slavery in Northwest territories. Outlined a process for admitting new states to the Union on an equal footing with the original thirteen.

Shay’s Rebellion (farmers)

Exposed the weaknesses of the articles of confederation as it alarmed leaders because there isn’t a national military for them to call upon.

2 Factions who drafting a new constitution

Federalists- favored a stronger central govt

Antifederalists- favored more state power

Virginia Plan

Representation in Congress by state’s population only (Big states liked this)

New Jersey Plan

One vote per state (favored by little states)

Great Compromise

Bicameral Legislature that has two houses. The house of representatives will be represented by population. In the senate, each state would be represented equally.

3/5 compromise

five enslaved people would be counted as three individuals. This compromise aimed to balance the interests of slave-holding states in the South, who wanted enslaved people counted for representation and non-slave-holding states in the North, who opposed counting enslaved people as part of the population. 

The Federalist Papers

Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay wrote, defending the constitution to the New York public.

Fed vs. Anti fed, who won and what was the condition

Federalists won only if they agreed to add a Bill of Rights to the constitution.

Federalism

The sharing of power between federal government and state government

Renewed debate on Slavery and women

Intense debate over morality of slavery

Women were not equal to men, but developed a new sense of purpose in republican motherhood. Since they didn’t have power in politics they raised sons who has principles of liberty.