Egyptian and mespotamain history

Menes

Menes

First pharaoh, established the double crown, unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.

Djoser

First king of the Old Kingdom, known for the Step Pyramid.

Khufu

Builder of the Great Pyramid, largest pyramid in Egypt.

Old Kingdom

2575-2125 BCE

Middle Kingdom

2010-1630 BCE

New Kingdom

1539-1069 BCE

Amun-Emhet I

First king of the Middle Kingdom, reestablished dynastic rule.

Hatshepsut

First prominent female pharaoh.

Akhenaten

Promoted monotheism (worship of Aten), reformed religious practices.

Mummification

Preservation of the body for the afterlife; involved the removal of organs and wrapping in linen.

Papyrus

Plant used to create the first form of paper in Egypt.

Pharaoh

Title meaning 'Great House,' signifying the ruler's divine authority.

Nile River

Longest river, flows from south to north, creating the Nile Delta before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea.

Upper and Lower Egypt

Terms based on elevation, not latitude; Lower Egypt is actually northern.

Sumerians

First civilization in Mesopotamia, credited with the invention of the wheel.

Akkadian Empire

Founded by Sargon the Great, who is recognized as the first emperor.

Ziggurats

Religious temple structures central to Mesopotamian city-states.

Theocracy

Involved divine rule.

Monarchy

Solitary rule by a single leader.

Hammurabi

Notable for his code of laws, consisting of 282 laws covering various aspects of society.

Gilgamesh

Key Sumerian king renowned for the epic poem named after him; represents cultural mythology.

Amorites

Nomadic people who unified various city-states under the Old Babylonian Empire.