Egyptian and mespotamain history

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22 Terms

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Menes

First pharaoh, established the double crown, unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.

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Djoser

First king of the Old Kingdom, known for the Step Pyramid.

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Khufu

Builder of the Great Pyramid, largest pyramid in Egypt.

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Old Kingdom

2575-2125 BCE

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Middle Kingdom

2010-1630 BCE

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New Kingdom

1539-1069 BCE

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Amun-Emhet I

First king of the Middle Kingdom, reestablished dynastic rule.

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Hatshepsut

First prominent female pharaoh.

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Akhenaten

Promoted monotheism (worship of Aten), reformed religious practices.

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Mummification

Preservation of the body for the afterlife; involved the removal of organs and wrapping in linen.

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Papyrus

Plant used to create the first form of paper in Egypt.

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Pharaoh

Title meaning 'Great House,' signifying the ruler's divine authority.

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Nile River

Longest river, flows from south to north, creating the Nile Delta before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea.

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Upper and Lower Egypt

Terms based on elevation, not latitude; Lower Egypt is actually northern.

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Sumerians

First civilization in Mesopotamia, credited with the invention of the wheel.

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Akkadian Empire

Founded by Sargon the Great, who is recognized as the first emperor.

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Ziggurats

Religious temple structures central to Mesopotamian city-states.

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Theocracy

Involved divine rule.

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Monarchy

Solitary rule by a single leader.

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Hammurabi

Notable for his code of laws, consisting of 282 laws covering various aspects of society.

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Gilgamesh

Key Sumerian king renowned for the epic poem named after him; represents cultural mythology.

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Amorites

Nomadic people who unified various city-states under the Old Babylonian Empire.