Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction

Flashcards about Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

What is the special type of cell division used only for sexual reproduction?

Meiosis

What does meiosis do to the chromosome number prior to fertilization?

Halves it

What type of cells have two of each type of chromosome?

Diploid cells

What are chromosomes of the same type called?

Homologous

What process involves the exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during meiosis I?

Crossing Over

What is the term for when homologous pairs align at the metaphase plate and separate in a random manner?

Independent Assortment

During which phase of meiosis do homologous pairs synapse?

Prophase I

During which phase of meiosis do homologous pairs align independently at the metaphase plate?

Metaphase I

In which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate and move toward the poles?

Anaphase I

In which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate and become daughter chromosomes?

Anaphase II

What is the correct number of chromosomes in a species called?

Euploid

What is a change in the chromosome number called?

Aneuploid

What is the condition where there is only one of a particular type of chromosome?

Monosomy

What is the condition where there are three of a particular type of chromosome?

Trisomy

What is the syndrome called in which a female has only a single X chromosome?

Turner syndrome (XO)

What is the syndrome called in which a male has underdeveloped testes and prostate, with some breast overdevelopment?

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)

What type of chromosomal change involves one or both ends of a chromosome breaking off?

Deletions

What type of chromosomal change involves a segment from one chromosome moving to a non-homologous chromosome?

Translocations

What type of chromosomal change involves a segment of a chromosome that is repeated in the same chromosome?

Duplication

What type of chromosomal change occurs as a result of two breaks in a chromosome where the internal segment is reversed before re-insertion?

Inversion