cell unit of life

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Ribosomes are primarily responsible for __________ synthesis in cells.

protein

Plant cells have a rigid outer structure known as the __________.

cell wall

The __________ are double membrane-bound organelles involved in ATP production.

mitochondria

9+2 arrangement is seen in

cilia and flagella

who discovered chromatin by dying them

Flemming

The plasma membrane is __________ allowing certain molecules to pass through.

selectively permeable

The __________ is a network of tiny tubular structures scattered in the cytoplasm.

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Cilia and flagella are hair-like _________ of the cell membrane.

outgrowths

The live cell was first observed by __________

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek.

The __________ face of the Golgi apparatus is where materials are received.

cis

In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is organized into __________.

chromosomes

The __________ contains the site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis.

nucleolus

The smallest prokaryotic cells are represented by __________.

mycoplasma

The basic unit of heredity located on chromosomes is __________.

DNA

The __________ is characteristic of animal cells and helps in cell division.

centrosome

Prokaryotic cells lack a __________ membrane around their genetic material.

nuclear

The __________ contains the enzymes for digestion of macromolecules in the cell.

lysosome

The __________ describes how substances move across the plasma membrane without energy.

passive transport

The visible structures formed from chromatin during cell division are called __________.

chromosomes

Schwann proposed that the bodies of animals and plants are composed of __________ and __________.

cells; products of cells

The __________ is a layer that connects the cytoplasm of neighbouring plant cells.

plasmodesmata

In prokaryotes, the genetic material includes small circular DNA known as __________.

plasmids

The __________ model describes the structure of the plasma membrane as fluid mosaic.

fluid mosaic

The endomembrane system does NOT include __________.

mitochondria

Plant cells may contain __________ which store nutrients like starch and oils.

plastids

The __________ is the jelly-like substance that fills the interior of a cell.

cytoplasm

The __________ of a plant cell performs the function of trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis.

chloroplast

Each ribosome in eukaryotic cells is made of two subunits, __________ and __________.

60S; 40S

The __________ is a non-membrane-bound organelles involved in protein synthesis.

ribosome

The part of the prokaryotic cell that is involved in respiration and secretion processes is __________.

mesosome

The __________ is responsible for controlling the activities of the cell and heredity.

nucleus

Eukaryotic cells possess an organized nucleus with a __________ envelope.

nuclear

The __________ helps in maintaining the structure and support of the cell's shape.

cytoskeleton

The specialized structures in bacteria that aid in motility are called __________.

flagella

Prokaryotic cells generally multiply more __________ than eukaryotic cells.

rapidly

they are surrounded by amphorous pericentriolar material

centrosome

The __________ facilitates transport of ions and materials into the vacuole

tonoplast

The __________ in the cytoplasm stores reserve materials in prokaryotic cells.

inclusion bodies

A __________ is a type of plastid containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

chloroplast

The __________ is important for producing glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell.

Golgi apparatus

The __________ of a prokaryotic cell lacks membrane-bound organelles.

cytoplasm

The __________ is composed of elongated tubular structures helping in lipid synthesis.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

The __________ is a membrane-bound space found in plant cells that contains sap.

vacuole

A prominent feature of the nucleus is the presence of __________ that store genetic material.

chromatin

Centrioles are essential for forming the __________ during cell division.

spindle apparatus

The movement of water across the plasma membrane is specifically known as __________.

osmosis

In the __________ chromosomes, the centromere is situated close to its end.

acrocentric

The __________ of eukaryotic cells is an extensive compartmentalised structure.

cytoplasm

The __________ helps to increase the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

cristae

The __________ are structures that function in locomotion of cells.

cilia and flagella

Nuclear pores facilitate the movement of __________ and __________ into and out of the nucleus.

RNA; proteins

Cell diffusion is responsible for the movement of __________ solutes.

neutral

chromatin was dyed using

basic dye

The __________ construction of chromosomes contributes to their classification.

centromere

The __________ is the site of ribosome synthesis and is not a membrane-bound structure.

nucleolus

The __________ emerges from the basal body and facilitates the movement of cells.

flagellum

The __________ are protein structures that help maintain the cell's shape.

microtubules, microfilaments

The __________ controls cellular activities and regulates gene expression.

nucleus

The __________ is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus.

nuclear envelope

Small holes in the nuclear envelope that allow transport of molecules are called __________.

nuclear pores

Cilia are short, hair-like structures that aid in __________.

movement and sensation

Flagella are long, whip-like structures that enable __________.

locomotion in certain cells

The __________ provides a protective boundary for prokaryotic cells.

cell envelope

The outer membrane of a prokaryotic cell is made of __________.

lipopolysaccharides

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, including a __________.

nucleus

The __________ states that all living organisms are composed of cells.

cell theory

the stroma of chloroplast contains enzyme for synthesis of

carbohydrates and protein

layer mainly of calcium pectate which holds or glues different neighboring cells together

middle lamella

The __________ of ribosomes provides the site for protein synthesis.

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Inclusion bodies can store __________ in prokaryotic cells.

nutrients

The __________ form of ribosomes is often associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.

bound

Free ribosomes typically produce proteins used within the __________.

cytosol

Inclusion bodies can be made up of __________ materials that the cell can utilize.

metabolic

The ribosome's function primarily relates to the process of __________.

translation

Ribosomes was discovered by

george palade

forming face aka

convex

maturing face aka

concave

movement of nutrients from vacuole

against the concentration gradient

organelle responsible for osmoregulation, excretion

contractile vacuole

stores carbohydrates

amyloplasts

stores fats and oils

elaioplasts

stores proteins

aleuroplast

movement of RNA and protein is

bidirectional