Work and Energy Chapter 4 Review

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and equations related to work and energy to aid in exam preparation.

Work

The product of the magnitude of the force and the parallel distance through which the object moves.

Work Equation

W = Fd, where W is work, F is force, and d is parallel distance.

Joule (J)

The SI unit of work, equivalent to one newton meter (N×m).

Kinetic Energy

Energy an object possesses due to its motion, given by the formula kinetic energy = ½ × mass × (velocity)².

Potential Energy

The energy an object has because of its position or location, commonly due to gravity, calculated as Ep = mgh.

Conservation of Energy

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only change from one form to another.

Power

The time rate of doing work, measured in watts (W), where 1 W = 1 J/s.

Force of Gravity

A force that must be overcome when doing work against gravity, represented as weight (w = mg).

Mechanical Energy Conservation

In an ideal system, the total mechanical energy remains constant as kinetic and potential energy transform into each other.

British System Work Unit

In the British system, work is measured in foot-pounds (ft×lb).

Energy Transformation

The process of changing energy from one form to another, such as potential energy to kinetic energy.

Friction

A force that works against motion and must be overcome to do work.

Electricity

Type of energy associated with electric charges that involves work and power calculations.

Biomass

Organic matter that can be used for energy generation, including crops, wood, and waste.

Gravitational Potential Energy Calculation

W = Ep = mgh, where h is the height lifted.

Ethanol Production

The process of creating ethanol from plants such as corn and sugarcane, used as a fuel.