Unit 2: The Living World - Biodiversity and Endangered Species (Review)

Richness

Number of different species in a given area (depends on context)

Evenness

The relative abundance of individuals of each species

Provisional ecological service

A type of ecological service that can be extracted

Provisional ecological service

Food harvesting, mineral mining, and fishing are all which type of ecological service?

Supporting ecological service

A type of ecological service that is needed in order for nature to survive

Regulating ecological service

A type of ecological service that includes processes that moderate natural phenomena.

Regulating ecological service

Pollination, Carbon sequestration, and water flow are all example of which type of ecological service?

Cultural ecological service

name an ecological service type that benefits human culture through the environment?

Cultural Ecological service

Ecotourism, national parks, and temple settings are example of which type of ecological service?

Island biogeography

The theory that the amount of diversity found on an island is in proportion to the size of the island and its relative distance to the mainland

Habitat loss, introduction of exotic species, pollution, population growth of humans, and overconsumption

Name the five greatest threats to conservation

Exotic Species

Species that have been introduced into an environment by human activity. This may be accidental or by design.

Ship Ballast water and Air travel (seeds, fungus)

Name two unintentional ways exotics are introduced

Ornamentals, Agriculture, Hunting and sport, pet trade, and biological control

Name five intentional ways exotics are introduced

Persistence

What is the greatest issue with DDT?

Biomagnification

The concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of its ingesting other plants or animals in which the toxins are more widely disbursed.

Higher

Are animals higher or lower in the food chain affect more by biomagnification?

Bioaccumulation

The increase in the concentration of a substance as a moves up the food chain and or trophic levels

R-selected Species

Species type that are fast reproducers and have lots of short lived babies. Most notably have little to no parental care

R-selected species

Fish, reptiles, and butterflies are examples of which reproductive strategy?

Type I

Which survivorship curve type is characterized by organisms that tend to live long lives; toward the end of their life however, there is a dramatic increase in the death rate? Species that follow k-selected growth strategies often fall into this category.

Type II

Which survivorship curve type is characterized by organisms whose mortality (or survivorship) remains relatively constant regardless of age? Parents provide little care and produce few offspring.

Type III

Which survivorship curve type is characterized by small mammals, fishes, and invertebrates. It describes organisms with a high death rate immediately following birth.

Habitat destruction, Introduction of invasive species, pollution, population growth of humans, and over consumption

Name the five threats to conservation as stated in the HIPPO acronym

Ship ballast water

Name two unintentional ways invasives are introduced

Ornamental, Agriculture, Hunting sport, and pet trade

Name four way of intentional introduction of invasives species

Invasive Species

The following features are characteristics of which type of species?

1- Reproduce quickly

2- Disperse well

3- Opportunistic

4- Highly adaptable

5- Broad diet-generalist diet

6- Not bothered by humans

DDT

A persistent insecticide, that accumulates and biomagnifies up the food chain, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. While it has saved lived of millions by killing malaria infected mosquitoes, its long half life leads to genotoxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects on organisms.