Physical Education VCE Unit 3 AOS1 Biomechanics

What is biomechanics?

Is the study of the mechanical aspects of living organisms, including the analysis of movement, forces, and the structure of biological systems. It integrates principles from mechanics, biology, and physiology to understand how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to produce movement and maintain posture. Biomechanics is applied in various fields such as sports science, rehabilitation, orthopedics, and ergonomics to enhance performance, reduce injury risk, and improve overall health.

Angular motion

Takes place when a body moves along a circular path

Angular speed

The change in angular distance over time

Angular velocity

The change in angular displacement over time, which indicates how quickly an object rotates

Centre of mass

The position where the weight of the object is evenly distributed

Dynamic equilibrium

The state in which a body is in motion with a constant velocity

Eccentric force

A force that is off center or not directly through an objects center of mass

Force

The product of mass and acceleration

Force summation

The correct timing and sequencing of body parts to produce maximal force

General motion

The combination of linear and angular motion

Impulse

is defined as the product of the average force applied to an object and the time duration over which the force is applied.

Example: when a baseball player hits a ball with a bat, the force exerted by the bat over the time of contact gives the ball an ________, significantly changing its momentum and direction.

Inertia

The resistance of a body to a change in its state of motion

Linear motion

A type of motion that occurs either in a straight line or curved path

Mass

The quantity of matter found within a particular body

Moment of inertia

A measure of an object's resistance to rotational motion about a particular axis.

Momentum

The product of mass and velocity

Example: A body with greater mass moving faster will have a greater _______ than a lighter object moving slower.

Motion

The change in position of a body in relation to time

Newtons first law

also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by a net external force.

Newtons second law

The law implies that the greater the force applied to an object, the greater its acceleration will be, while an object with more mass will experience less acceleration when the same force is applied.

Newtons third law

states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that any force exerted on an object will create a force of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction on the object that exerted the first force.

Speed or velocity

The rate of motion or how fast an object is moving

Stability

The degree to which a body resists changing its equilibrium

Static equilibrium

The state in which a body has zero velocity and zero acceleration. This occurs when the sum of all forces and the sum of all movements acting on the body are zero.

Torque

_________ is a measure of the rotational force applied to an object, typically expressed in newton-meters (Nm).

Conservation of momentum

the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant over time, provided no external forces act on it. ______ of momentum

Moment of inertia

An objects resistance to rotation. The greater the mass and distribution away from the axis the greater the _______ __ ________.

Projectile

An object or body that is launched into the air and is only affected by the forces of gravity and air resistance.

Factors that affect projectile motion

Speed of release

Angle of release

Height of release

Height of release

Vertical distance between the height of which a projectile is released from and the of height where it lands/stops.

45 degrees

Optimal angle of release for maximum horizontal distance.

( __ degrees)

Levers

Rigid structure that rotates around a fixed point known as the fulcrum.

Third class lever

A lever where effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load.

AFR

Force arm

The distance from the axis to the force is known as?

Resistance arm

Distance from the axis to the resistance is known as?

Equilibrium

A state in which all the forces acting on an object are balanced, resulting in no net force or change in motion.

Balance

Refers to a state of equilibrium where opposing forces or influences are equal, resulting in stability and the absence of motion or change.

Increased stability

How does a wider base of support affect stability?

Centre of gravity

The point in an object where its weight is evenly distributed, and it acts as the balance point.

Line of gravity

An imaginary vertical line that extends downward from the center of gravity to the ground, indicating the direction of gravitational force acting on an object.

Factors of stability

Base of support

Centre of gravity

Line of gravity

Mass

Friction

Friction

A resistive force that occurs when two surfaces interact and move against each other.

qualitative analysis

Type of research that aims to gather and analyse non-numerical data in order to gain an understanding of individuals' social reality, including understanding their attitudes, beliefs, and motivation.

4 stages of qualitative analysis

Preparation

Observation

Evaluation

Error correction

Preperation

During this stage of qualitative analysis relevant information will be gathered such as, features of the skill, details of the performer and possible correction methods.

Observation

During this stage the skill is recorded/measured to gather information on the performance of the athlete.

Evaluation

In this stage the performer is evaluated, strengths, weaknesses and technical errors identified.

Error correction

In this stage the performer is taught how to correct their errors through demonstration, being physically moved or explained.