QUALI-tative Study Designs

Quantitative data forms the foundation of most scientific knowledge = What is the basis of most scientific evidence?

Quantitative research has clearly defined data collection, analysis, and straightforward interpretation = Why is quantitative research the preferred approach?

Qualitative research explores subjective human experiences not captured by numbers = Why do we choose qualitative research?

Qualitative research captures meanings and interpretations from the subjects’ perspectives = What does qualitative research aim to do?

Qualitative data offers insights into human behavior’s complexities and health issues = What value does qualitative research provide in health?

Qualitative research explains social, economic, political, and cultural influences on health and disease = What can health-related qualitative data explain?

Study occurs in subjects’ natural environment focusing on meanings in context = What constitutes qualitative research?

Researchers interact extensively and reflexively with subjects to understand perspectives = How do qualitative researchers conduct their studies?

Reflexivity acknowledges researchers’ experiences and biases influence data interpretation = What is reflexivity in qualitative research?

Rigor demonstrates integrity and competence ensuring research quality = What does rigor mean in qualitative research?

Reliability = data consistency; Validity = measuring what is intended = What are reliability and validity?

Credibility = internal validity; Transferability = external validity; Dependability = reliability; Confirmability = objectivity = What are Lincoln and Guba’s qualitative research criteria equivalents?

Credibility checks if findings accurately represent subjects’ views = What does credibility assess?

Transferability ensures findings apply to similar populations or situations = What does transferability assess?

Dependability ensures data is logical, traceable, and documented = What does dependability assess?

Confirmability ensures findings are shaped by participants, not researchers’ biases = What does confirmability assess?

Methodological choices, prolonged engagement, rich description, interpretation with evidence, reflexivity, triangulation = What strategies maintain rigor in qualitative research design and process?

Member checking, peer review, audit trail = What strategies maintain rigor involving research participants and researchers?

Ethnography studies culture and lived experiences through extensive engagement = What is ethnography?

Phenomenology studies participants’ lived experiences suspending prejudgments = What is phenomenology?

Participatory action research involves community participation to address issues = What is participatory action research?

Grounded theory develops new theory through iterative data collection and analysis = What is grounded theory?

Case study is an in-depth study of a unit in its natural context = What is a case study?

Symbolic interactionism studies subjective meanings created through social interaction = What is symbolic interactionism?

Hermeneutics interprets meaning considering language and historical context = What is hermeneutics?

Feminist methodology explores female lived experiences and challenges inequalities = What is feminist methodology?

Postmodernism rejects single truths, acknowledges multiple realities shaped by context = What is postmodernism?

Data analysis is ongoing from data collection through transcription, coding, interpretation = When does qualitative data analysis begin and how is it conducted?

Coding organizes data to identify patterns and themes = What is coding in qualitative data analysis?

Content analysis quantifies theme frequencies to identify patterns = What is content analysis?

Thematic analysis identifies and reports themes or patterns in data = What is thematic analysis?

Narrative analysis examines stories focusing on time, place, plot, and scene = What is narrative analysis?

Discourse analysis explores how language and texts create social reality = What is discourse analysis?

Semiotic analysis uncovers hidden meanings and processes behind signs and symbols = What is semiotic analysis?

Computer-assisted software (Atlas.ti, MAXQDA, NVivo) organizes but does not analyze data = What role do computer-assisted qualitative data analysis tools play?