Mutualism and Antagonistic Associations in Ecosystems

These flashcards cover key concepts related to mutualistic and antagonistic associations in ecosystems, focusing on their definitions, examples, and significance.

Mutualism

A relationship between different species where each species provides a substance or service that benefits the other.

Lichen

A mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, such as a cyanobacterium.

Mycorrhizae

Mutualistic associations between plant roots and fungi that enhance nutrient absorption and plant health.

Ectomycorrhizae

Fungi that form a dense sheath around the root surface and do not penetrate root cells.

Endomycorrhizae

Fungi that penetrate root cells and form arbuscules for nutrient exchange.

Rhizobia

Bacteria that form mutualistic associations with legumes, providing fixed nitrogen in exchange for carbohydrates.

Tetrodotoxin

A lethal nerve toxin found in pufferfish, produced by mutualistic bacteria.

Cyanogenic glycosides

Compounds that release cyanide when the plant is damaged, used by some plants as a chemical defense.

Acacia plant

A type of plant that has a mutualistic relationship with ants, providing nourishment while receiving protection.

Push-Pull technology

A nature-based integrated pest management method used to control parasitic plants.

Striga spp.

A genus of obligate root-parasitic plants affecting agricultural crops, causing severe yield losses.