Science - First Monthly Examination

Glucose

The simplest soluble nutrient form.

Alveoli

The only respiratory sites where gas exchange occurs.

Conducting Passageways

The other respiratory structures which allow air to reach the lungs that purify, humidify, and warm the air that reaches the lungs.

Nose

The only visible part of the respiratory system.

External Nares

The two openings of the nose where the air enters.

Nostrils

Another term for the external nares.

Anterior Nasal Passage

The passageway where air goes into after coming through the external nares.

Nasal Hair

A part of the anterior nasal passage that traps foreign particles.

Nasal Cavity

The internal part of the nose.

Nasal Septum

The partition that divides the space of the nasal cavity.

Olfactory Receptors

The nerve endings that are responsible for the sense of smell.

Mucous Glands

The glands that secrete sticky mucus that moistens air and traps bacteria and other foreign particles.

Conchae

The bony plates paired with the walls of the nasal cavity to prevent inhaled particles from entering the lungs.

Pharynx

A five-inch muscular passageway for food and air.

Throat

The common term for the pharynx.

Internal Nares

The openings that connect the pharynx to the nasal cavity.

Nasopharynx

The region of the pharynx that receives air from the nasal cavity.

Oropharynx

The region of the pharynx which is the common passageway for food and air and leads to the esophagus.

Laryngopharynx

The region of the pharynx that leads to another tract.

Tonsils

The clusters of tissue that protect the body from foreign invaders found in the pharynx.

Larynx

An organ that plays a role in speech formed by cartilages.

Voice Box

The common term for larynx.

Thyroid Cartilage

The largest cartilage found in the larynx which is shield-shaped.

Laryngeal Prominence

A protuberance formed by the thyroid cartilage.

Adam’s Apple

The common term for the laryngeal prominence.

Epiglottis

A cartilage that guards the opening of the larynx from anything other than air to prevent it from reaching the lungs.

Vocal Folds

The folds of membrane that are located in the larynx which vibrate when air is expelled and allow a person to speak.

True Vocal Cords

Another term for the vocal folds.

Glottis

The folds and the space between the vocal folds.

Trachea

A four-inch tract that is located mid-chest that contains C-shaped cartilages that keep it open.

Cilia

The grass-like projections in the trachea which propel mucus that contain dust and other particles to the direction opposite that of the incoming air.

Windpipe

The common term for trachea.

Rib Cage

The group of bones that provides a protected space for the lungs.

Apex

The upper portion of each lung.

Base

The inferior border of each lung.

Diaphragm

A dome-shaped muscle where the lungs rest.

Right Lung

The shorter and wider lung which contains three lobes.

Left Lung

The longer and smaller lung which contains two lobes.

Pleura

A membrane that covers each lung.

Pleural Fluid

A slippery secretion produced by the pleurae which allows the lungs to glide over the wall of the thorax during breathing.

Secondary and Tertiary Bronchi, Bronchioles, and Alveolar Ducts

The smaller branches of bronchi found in the lungs.

Alveolar Sacs

The sacs where the smaller branches of bronchi end into which contain alveoli.

Alveolus

The functional unit of the lungs.

Pulmonary Ventilation

The process of where in the lung and the thoracic cavity, volume changes lead to pressure changes, which allow the flow of gases between the two structures to equalize.

Breathing

The common term for pulmonary ventilation.

Inspiration

A mechanical process by which air goes into the lungs.

Inhalation

The common term for inspiration.

Expiration

A mechanical process by which air leaves the lungs.

Exhalation

The common term for expiration.