Unit 0- Pyschology

creator of psychodynamic school

Sigmund Frued

Psychoanalytic theory

The theory that all behavior comes from unconcious drives that we are unaware of, which stems from unresolved childhood conflict.

Behaviorism

The focus on observable behavior over inner experiences(nurture over nature)

Humanism

The idea that we can be the best human we can be by trying to fulfill our potential

Cognitive psychology

How we interptet/process/remember events

Biological/nueroscience psychology

A focus on the brain/body chemistry

Gestalt psychology

The whole is greater than the sum off the parts

correlational research

identify relationships between variables with NO manipulation. CANNOT establish causality.

Naturalistic observation (correlational research)

Observation without interacting directly with the subject

Case study (correlational)

An in-depth investigation into an individual subject. Highly generalized and subjective.

Surveys (correlational)

Use of interviews/ questions to gather info

Research ethics:

Humans: No coercion, informed consent, confidenciality, risk debreif, debrifeing, share full and accurate data.

Animals: Humanley cared for, acquired legally, employ least amount of suffering

Hindsight bias

“I knew it all along” - tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one could have predicted it

Confirmation bias

tendency to search for/recall info that aligns with one’s opinions/beliefs

Belief preservance

Tendency for people to hold on to their beliefs despite contraducting evidence

Self report bias

Tendency for people to not accurately report their thoughts or behaviors

Social desirablity bias

Tendency to give socially acceptable answers instead of what one actually thinks

Single blind procedure

Participants are unaware about whether they have recieved a treatment or a placebo in an experiment

Mean

The average (Sum/number of terms)

Median

The middle number after arranged from least to greatest

Mode

The number that occurs most frequently

Range

Largest - smallest number

Falsifiablity

For every theory or hypothesis, it must be able to be disproven by observation or experiment

Operational definitions

How you measure your hypothesis

Qualitative vs Quanitative

Qual- descriptive data Quan- numerical data

Experiment

Research methos where the investigator manipulates a variable under controlled conditions and observes changes under a second variable

Independent variable vs dependent

Independent influences the change in the dependent.

Independent- controlled variable

Dependent- observed variable, effected by the independent

Extraneous variables

Anything not the IV that could influence the DV in a study

Confounding of variables

When the extraneous variable and the IV combine, making it hard to tell which is changing the DV