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Frontal Bone
Forehead
Protection and muscle attachment
Parietal Bone
Top on either side of skull
Protection
side below ears
protection and muscle attachment for jaw
occipital bone
Bottom back of skull
protection and muscle attachment to move head
Nasal Bone
bridge of bone
structure of nose
Zygomatic bone
top of cheek, under eye
muscle attachment for face
Maxilla
top jaw
holds teeth, muscle attachment for jaw
Mandible
lower jaw, only movable bone in skull
muscle attachment, teeth
Vomer
nasal septum
separates nostrils and sinuses
Mastoid process
bottom back (inferior postal side) of temporal bone
muscle attachment for major neck muscle (sternocleidomastoid)
Zygomatic process
cheek bone (runs from top of cheek to ear function)
muscle attachment (facial expressions and jaw)
Occipital condyle
large bump on udnerside of skull by the large hole
Keep head on; attach skull to spin
Foramen Magnum
large hole in the bottom of the skull
allow passage for brain to connect to spinal cord
Hyoid Bone
strangle bone, below jaw
not articulate with another bone
Cervical Curvature (C1-C7)
form base of skull to top of shoulder
support head and house spinal cord
Thoracic Curvature (T1-T12)
From top of shoulders to base of the ribs
support head, trunk, abdomen, and house spinal cord
Lumbar curvature (L1-L5)
from bottom of ribs to the top of hips
support head and trunk and house spinal cord
Sacrum
at back of hips (5 fused vertabrae)
bone and muscle attachment
Coccyx
at the back and bottom of the hips, the ātail boneā
none
Atlas (C1)
first vertebra
holds/attached to skull
works with occipital condiles
Axis (C2)
second vertebra
holds pivot point for the head; support/structure
Dens/Odontoid process
on top of C2 (axis)
pivot point for head
Transverse process
process on sides of all vertebrae
muscle and bone attachment
Transverse foramen
hold on the sides of the bone of the cervical curvature
protected pathway for cranial nerves
Spinous process
large process on the back side of all vertbrae
proection and muscle attachment
body of vertebrae
main portion of bone
carries and supports weight
vertebral foramen
large hole through the middle of all vertebrae
protected passageway for spinal cord
sternum
breast bone in the middle of your chest
protect the heart
true ribs
ribs 1-7, have own connection to sternum
protection and muscle attachment
false ribs
ribs 8-12, have to share a connection to sternum
protection and muscle attachment
floating ribs
ribs 11 and 12, no connection to sternum
muscle attachment
costal cartilage
hyaline cartilage that connects ribs to sternum
protection while allowing for flexibility
Manubrium
top of portion of sternum
protection
body of sternum
main portion and middle of sternum
protection
xyphoid process
tiny process on the bottom of sternum
clavicle
collarbone
add support to shoulder and muscle attachment for neck and chest
scapula
shoulder blade
muscle attachment, socket for the ball in scoket join of your shoulder
humerus
upper arm
muscle attachment, 3 joints: shoulder (ball in scoket) and elbow (hinge and pivot)
Acromion
attaches the clavicle to the acrominium of scapula ābig hookā
holds humerus in through cartilage and muscle attachment, adds support to shoulder
spine of scapula
ridge on back of scapula
muscle attachment
glenoid cavity/fossa
dent/fossa on lateral side of scapula
socket (even though its not a good one) of the ball in socket joint of shoulder
humeral head
ball at proximal end of humerus
ball in ball in socket joint of shoulder
olecranon fossa
dent/fossa in the back of distal end of humerous
meets up with ulna to form part of hinge joint of elbow
deltoid tuberosity
small bend halfway down the body of the humerus
deltoid muscle attaches here
Ulna
in lower arm/forearm on pink side (has a large claw on proximal endālooks like hook)
forms hinge joint of elbow and supports wrist
Radius
lower arm/forearm on thumb side (head looks like a nailbed)
forms the pivot join of elbow and supports wrist
olecranon process
top of large hook at proximal end of ulna
froms hinge joint of elbow
radial head
proximal end of radium (looks like nail bed)
forms pivot joint of elbow
Carpals
wrist (x8)
allows for flexibility of hand
metacarpals
palm of hand
support and structure of hands
phalanges
fingers (x14)
grab stuff
Ilium
top portion of the hip bones (the wings)
muscle attachment for back, legs, and abdomen
ischium
back bottom of the hip bones
muscle attachment for legs
pubis
front-bottom of hip bones
muscle attachment and some protection
Femur
largest bone in body (leg)
forms 3 joints: the hips (ball in socket) and the knee (a hinge and a pivot)
pubic symphosis (pubis)
piece of fibrocartilage found in between the 2 pubis bones
absorbs shock
sacroiliac joint
between the sacrum and ilium
bones fused together to add support to the hips
iliac fossa
inside illium, curves inward
some muscle attachment, smooth surface for intestines
obutrator foramen
2 large holes in pubis bones
guides nerves and bloodvessels down to legs
head of the femur
ball at proximal end of femur
ball in ball in socket joint of hip
neck of femur
between the head and body of femur
holds head on to body of bone
greater trochanter
large hook/ process on proximal end of femur
helps hold femur into hip
patellar surface
small dent/fossa on front side of distal end
place for patella to sit
patella
kneecap, on top of femur and tibia
protects knee joints
tibia
large bone in lower leg (shin bone)
supports weight
Fibula
small bone in lower leg
pivots your ankle
lateral malleolus
distal end of the fibula
support for ankle
anterior crest
front of body of tibia (shin)
none
medial malleolus
process at distal end of tibia
supports ankle
talus
on top of foot, meets with tibia to help form ankle
ankle bone
calcaneus
heel bone
supports weight
tarsals
form arch of foot
flexibility and sturcture of foot
metatarsals
ball of foot, middle
structure of foot
phalanges
toes
helps maintain balance