Anatomy Skeleton Unit

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74 Terms

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Frontal Bone

Forehead

Protection and muscle attachment

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Parietal Bone

Top on either side of skull

Protection

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side below ears

protection and muscle attachment for jaw

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occipital bone

Bottom back of skull

protection and muscle attachment to move head

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Nasal Bone

bridge of bone

structure of nose

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Zygomatic bone

top of cheek, under eye

muscle attachment for face

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Maxilla

top jaw

holds teeth, muscle attachment for jaw

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Mandible

lower jaw, only movable bone in skull

muscle attachment, teeth

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Vomer

nasal septum

separates nostrils and sinuses

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Mastoid process

bottom back (inferior postal side) of temporal bone

muscle attachment for major neck muscle (sternocleidomastoid)

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Zygomatic process

cheek bone (runs from top of cheek to ear function)

muscle attachment (facial expressions and jaw)

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Occipital condyle

large bump on udnerside of skull by the large hole

Keep head on; attach skull to spin

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Foramen Magnum

large hole in the bottom of the skull

allow passage for brain to connect to spinal cord

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Hyoid Bone

strangle bone, below jaw

not articulate with another bone

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Cervical Curvature (C1-C7)

form base of skull to top of shoulder

support head and house spinal cord

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Thoracic Curvature (T1-T12)

From top of shoulders to base of the ribs

support head, trunk, abdomen, and house spinal cord

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Lumbar curvature (L1-L5)

from bottom of ribs to the top of hips

support head and trunk and house spinal cord

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Sacrum

at back of hips (5 fused vertabrae)

bone and muscle attachment

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Coccyx

at the back and bottom of the hips, the ā€œtail boneā€

none

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Atlas (C1)

first vertebra

holds/attached to skull

works with occipital condiles

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Axis (C2)

second vertebra

holds pivot point for the head; support/structure

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Dens/Odontoid process

on top of C2 (axis)

pivot point for head

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Transverse process

process on sides of all vertebrae

muscle and bone attachment

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Transverse foramen

hold on the sides of the bone of the cervical curvature

protected pathway for cranial nerves

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Spinous process

large process on the back side of all vertbrae

proection and muscle attachment

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body of vertebrae

main portion of bone

carries and supports weight

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vertebral foramen

large hole through the middle of all vertebrae

protected passageway for spinal cord

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sternum

breast bone in the middle of your chest

protect the heart

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true ribs

ribs 1-7, have own connection to sternum

protection and muscle attachment

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false ribs

ribs 8-12, have to share a connection to sternum

protection and muscle attachment

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floating ribs

ribs 11 and 12, no connection to sternum

muscle attachment

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costal cartilage

hyaline cartilage that connects ribs to sternum

protection while allowing for flexibility

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Manubrium

top of portion of sternum

protection

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body of sternum

main portion and middle of sternum

protection

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xyphoid process

tiny process on the bottom of sternum

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clavicle

collarbone

add support to shoulder and muscle attachment for neck and chest

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scapula

shoulder blade

muscle attachment, socket for the ball in scoket join of your shoulder

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humerus

upper arm

muscle attachment, 3 joints: shoulder (ball in scoket) and elbow (hinge and pivot)

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Acromion

attaches the clavicle to the acrominium of scapula ā€œbig hookā€

holds humerus in through cartilage and muscle attachment, adds support to shoulder

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spine of scapula

ridge on back of scapula

muscle attachment

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glenoid cavity/fossa

dent/fossa on lateral side of scapula

socket (even though its not a good one) of the ball in socket joint of shoulder

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humeral head

ball at proximal end of humerus

ball in ball in socket joint of shoulder

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olecranon fossa

dent/fossa in the back of distal end of humerous

meets up with ulna to form part of hinge joint of elbow

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deltoid tuberosity

small bend halfway down the body of the humerus

deltoid muscle attaches here

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Ulna

in lower arm/forearm on pink side (has a large claw on proximal end—looks like hook)

forms hinge joint of elbow and supports wrist

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Radius

lower arm/forearm on thumb side (head looks like a nailbed)

forms the pivot join of elbow and supports wrist

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olecranon process

top of large hook at proximal end of ulna

froms hinge joint of elbow

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radial head

proximal end of radium (looks like nail bed)

forms pivot joint of elbow

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Carpals

wrist (x8)

allows for flexibility of hand

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metacarpals

palm of hand

support and structure of hands

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phalanges

fingers (x14)

grab stuff

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Ilium

top portion of the hip bones (the wings)

muscle attachment for back, legs, and abdomen

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ischium

back bottom of the hip bones

muscle attachment for legs

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pubis

front-bottom of hip bones

muscle attachment and some protection

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Femur

largest bone in body (leg)

forms 3 joints: the hips (ball in socket) and the knee (a hinge and a pivot)

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pubic symphosis (pubis)

piece of fibrocartilage found in between the 2 pubis bones

absorbs shock

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sacroiliac joint

between the sacrum and ilium

bones fused together to add support to the hips

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iliac fossa

inside illium, curves inward

some muscle attachment, smooth surface for intestines

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obutrator foramen

2 large holes in pubis bones

guides nerves and bloodvessels down to legs

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head of the femur

ball at proximal end of femur

ball in ball in socket joint of hip

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neck of femur

between the head and body of femur

holds head on to body of bone

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greater trochanter

large hook/ process on proximal end of femur

helps hold femur into hip

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patellar surface

small dent/fossa on front side of distal end

place for patella to sit

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patella

kneecap, on top of femur and tibia

protects knee joints

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tibia

large bone in lower leg (shin bone)

supports weight

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Fibula

small bone in lower leg

pivots your ankle

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lateral malleolus

distal end of the fibula

support for ankle

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anterior crest

front of body of tibia (shin)

none

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medial malleolus

process at distal end of tibia

supports ankle

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talus

on top of foot, meets with tibia to help form ankle

ankle bone

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calcaneus

heel bone

supports weight

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tarsals

form arch of foot

flexibility and sturcture of foot

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metatarsals

ball of foot, middle

structure of foot

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phalanges

toes

helps maintain balance