Functional Anatomy Review

3 planes of the body

• sagittal

• frontal (coronal)

• transverse (horizontal)

sagittal plane

divides body into R and L sections from front to back

frontal (coronal) plane

divides into anterior and posterior sections (abd and add occur here)

transverse (horizontal) plane

divides body into superior and inferior halves (imp for viewing superficial to deep tissues)

directional terms (8)

• superior (towards head)

• inferior (closer to feet)

• medial (towards midline)

• lateral (outside of body)

• proximal (closer to axial skeleton)

• distal (away from center of body)

• superficial (closer to surface)

• deep (away from skin)

ipsilateral

same side (R → R)

i.e lay up in basketball

contralateral

opp side

i.e throwing/kicking/walking/running

sacrum movements (2)

• nutation (nods forward)

• counternutation (tuck of tail bone to pelvic floor)

general movement terms

• flexion (dec relative angle)

• extension (inc relative angle)

• abduction

• adduction

• medial R

• lateral R

• protraction (moving forward along a surface)

• retraction (moving backward along a surface)

• elevation (raising something)

• depression (lowering something)

• supination

• pronation

factors influencing force production (7)

• motor unit recruitment

• agonist/antagonist co-contraction

• fibre type

• size of ms fibres

• joint angle

• length-tension relationship

• fibre organization (i.e pennation)

why is understanding anatomy and biomechanics important? (7)

• practical programming

• exercise instruction

• risk management

• exercise

• balance

• variations

• progression & regression