Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

This set of flashcards covers the key concepts related to cell division, focusing on the processes of mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis

A process that results in 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Daughter cells

Cells produced as a result of cell division; in mitosis, these are diploid (2n), whereas in meiosis they are haploid (1n).

Diploid

A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, and is typically represented as 2n.

Meiosis

A two-step cell division process that produces 4 genetically unique daughter cells, each being haploid (1n).

Homologous chromosomes

Pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.

Crossing over

The process that occurs during Prophase I of meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information.

Sister chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together by a centromere and are separated during cell division.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle before mitosis or meiosis begins, during which DNA replication occurs.

Phases of Mitosis

The stages include Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Gametes

Reproductive cells produced during meiosis that are haploid and genetically varied.