Studied by 1 person
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Personality
an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Hippocrates personality types
based on fluids of the body - blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile
conscious
aware
unconscious
according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.
ID
primitive drives and urges, present at birth
superego
conscience, learned from interaction with others
ego
the rational, decision-making aspect of the personality
neurosis
tendency to experience negative emotions
defense mechanisms
unconscious protective barriers intended to minimize anxiety
repressed
difficult memory removed from conscious awareness
reaction formation
expressing feelings, thoughts, and behaviors opposite to their inclinations
regression
acting much younger than their age
projection
a person refuses to recognizes feelings in themselves and instead puts them on someone else
Freud's defense mechanisms
regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, denial, sublimation, repression
psychosexual stage of development
stages of child development in which a child's pleasure-seeking urges are focused on specific areas of the body called erogenous zones
oral stage
pleasure focused on the mouth (smoke, drink, overeat)
anal stage
pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination (coping with demands for control)
phallic stage
recognize difference between boys and girls (oedipus, Electra)
Latency period
sexual impulses lie dormant
genital stage
Freud's last stage of personality development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence).
Alfred Adler
individual psychology
Individual psychology
drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority (Adler)
inferiority complex
a person's feelings that they lack worth and don't measure up to the standards of others or of society
Erik Erikson
Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development
Carl Jung
Analytical psychology
Analytical psychology
balance opposing forces of conscious and unconscious thought, and experience within one's personality (Jung)
collective unconscious
universal version of the personal unconscious holding memory traces that are common to all of us (Jung)
archetypes
ancestral memories represented by universal themes in various cultures, expressed through literature, art and dreams (Jung)
extroversion
attention seeking, get energy from being with others
introvert
prefers to be alone, does not like attention
Karen Horney
each individual has the potential for self-realization and psychoanalysts should help people find it (coping styles)
moving toward people
coping using affiliation and dependence
moving against people
coping using aggression and manipulation
moving away from people
coping by using detachment and isolation
Skinner
Behavior is learned
Albert Bandura
social-congnitive; personality comes from observing others and modeling ourselves after them
Social-cognitive theory
learning and cognition are important for ones personality (Bandura)
Reciprocal determinism
cognitive processes, behavior and context all interact (Bandura)
self-efficacy
our level of confidence in our own abilities (Bandura)
Julian Rotter
-Locus of Control (internal/external)
locus of control
beliefs about the power we have over our lives
Internal locus of control
the perception that you control your own fate
External locus of control
the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate
Walter Mischel
self-regulation (marshmallow experiment)
Self-concept
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?" (Carl Rogers)
Carl Rogers
Humanisic; self-concept and unconditional positive regard drive personality
Ideal self
the person you would like to be (Rogers)
Real self
the person you actually are (Rogers)
congruence
real self and ideal self are the same
incongruence
real self and ideal self are very different
Heritability
The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes.
traits
characteristic ways of behaving
Raymond Cattell
171 character traits, 16 factors or dimensions of personality
temperament
a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Eysenck's theory
Personality is determined by a large extent to one's genes, 2 dimensions (introvert/extrovert, neuroticism/stability)
Five Factor Model
OCEAN
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
selective migration
concept that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs
MMPI
the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes.
projective testing
a personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts projected by the person into the test.
Rorschach inkblot test
the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
projective test requiring examinees to tell a story in response to ambiguous pictures
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Test
Projective test; measures adjustment in high school, college and adult ages, have to complete the sentence to reveal feelings/thoughts
Contemporized-Themes Concerning Blacks Test (C-TCB)
images that include african american lifestyles
TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test
a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to minority groups, especially Hispanic youths, using images and storytelling that relate to minority culture (Tell Me a Story)
