British Literature Final

Why are historical periods inexact and generally unknown to all people who live during them?

they are names later by historians to describe general trends rather than precise beginning and endings

The Renaissance is said to to have begun in the 14th century in

Italy

What does Renaissance literally mean?

rebirth

What people flourished in the Renaissance

Leonardo Da Vinci, Ferdinand Magellan, Galileo Galilei

Why did the invention of printing with movable type have a great impact?

the wide availability of reading material allowed ideas to spread quickly

Who invented the printing press with movable type?

Johannes Gutenberg

How did Martin Luther contribute to the beginning of the Reformation?

by developing a personal form of Christianity not bases on papal decrees

How did the Act of Supremacy (1534) change England?

England separated from the Catholic Church, and the English Reformation Began

King Henry VIII of England be considered a “Renaissance man” because he …

was literary, musical, athletic, and scholarly

In the mid-1500s, many people in England were dissatisfied with the Church of England because they …

felt that the church was insufficiently reformed, merely a copy of Catholicism

Why did Queen Elizabeth I of England fear Mary Queen of Scots?

she feared that Mary Queen of Scots would cause a Catholic uprising within England

England’s independence from the Catholic countries of the Mediterranean was ensured by . . .

the English navy’s defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588

Oliver Cromwell’s rule in England was marked by the introduction of _________ religious practices?

puritan

The end of the English Renaissance was characterized by . . .

increasing interest in secular, rather than religious values

Who was a key writer of the Renaissance period?

William Shakespeare

What 2 forms of literature were most prominent in the Renaissance?

poetry and drama

Who is credited with invention or introduction of over 1,700 words that are still used in English today?

William Shakespeare

Their reign is popularly remembered for the easy morality of their court, reflected in much of the literary and artistic production of his day

Charles II

Battled the Catholic Church for authority and worried about producing and heir to the English throne.

Henry VIII

A short reign dominated by regents who tried to strengthen their own positions.

Edward VI

Usurped the throne of Richard III after a series of English civil wars (known as the Wars of the Roses) for control of the English throne.

Henry VII

Their reign defined a sense of English National identity and expertly balanced religious, social, governmental, and personal forces.

Elizabeth I

An unknowing and then an unwilling pawn in a political coup orchestrated by John Dudley, the Earl of Northumberland.

Lady Jane Grey

Referred to as Lord Protector; allowed greater religious freedom for protestants.

Oliver Cromwell

Best known for devout Catholic faith and vigorous attempt to reverse the English Protestant Reformation.

Mary I

Their authoritarian rule and quarrels with members of Parliament provoked an English civil war and led to the abolishment of the monarchy in 1649.

Charles I

Their most important act of cultural patronage was the authorized translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England.

James I

Macbeth opens in . . .

Scotland

The witches in Scene 1 inform us that . . .

they will see Macbeth after the battle

In Scene 2, Duncan orders Ross to . . .

tell Macbeth he is the new thane of Cawdor

In Scene 3, Shakespeare most likely has the witches speak in rhyme because

the rhymes sound like witches’ spells

Macbeth shows his ambition and curiosity about becoming king in Scene 3 when he . . .

questions the witches about the prophecies

Whom does Duncan name as successor to the throne?

Malcolm

How does Lady Macbeth know that Duncan is coming to her castle?

a messenger tells her that Duncan is coming

When Lady Macbeth advises Macbeth to maintain a friendly and loyal appearance, she uses a metaphor involving . . .

a flower and a snake

Why is Duncan’s reference to Lady Macbeth as a “noble hostess” in Scene 6 an example of dramatic irony?

you know Lady Macbeth plans to murder him

Lady Macbeth often questions Macbeth’s . . .

manliness

Under new laws during the English Renaissance, theater companies could legally perform if . . .

they obtained a formal patron or sponsor in nobility

Who banned theater in 1642?

the puritan-led parliament

Who lifted the ban on English women acting on public stages?

King Charles II

What was the name of William Shakespeare’s theater company before it was changed to The King’s Men in 1603?

Lord Chamberlain’s Men

________ ,the most popular private theater, was built on the grounds of a former Dominican monastery.

The Black Friars

Restoration theater evolved under which Monarch

King Charles II

Why is Banquo awake so late at night in Scene 1 Act 2?

the words of the witches that are causing these troublesome thoughts

What eerie vision does Macbeth have before he kills Duncan?

he sees a bloody dagger floating in front of him

What does Lady Macbeth say stopped her from killing Duncan?

Duncan reminds her of her father

What does Macbeth hear a voice saying as he is killing Duncan?

“sleep no more! Macbeth is murdering sleep.”

Macbeth most likely brings the bloody daggers to Lady Macbeth because he . . .

feels distress and shocked at his actions

Who is porter pretending to let into “hell”?

people who gave done wrong thins in their professions

Who discovers the body of Duncan?

Macduff

Who kills the servants who look guilty of the murder?

Macbeth

What do Malcolm and Donalbain decide to do almost immediately after learning of their father’s murder?

run away to protect themselves

What unnatural occurrences does the Old Man and Ross discuss?

darkness covers the earth when it is supposed to be light, a falcon is killed by an owl, horses cannibalize each other

Why is Macbeth crowned king instead of Duncan’s son and heir, Malcolm?

Malcolm’s leaving makes him look guilty.

Who does not plan to attend Macbeth’s coronation?

Macduff

What does Banquo wonder about the witches’ prophecy?

if his descendants will really become kings

How does Macbeth feel about Banquo?

he fears the Banquo and his sons will cut short his reign

Why does Macbeth most likely question Banquo about his journey?

Macbeth needs information to give to the murderers later

What does Macbeth compare the murderers to?

dogs

Why does Macbeth decide to kill Banquo?

he knows that the witches had predicted that Banquo’s son would be king

What strong metaphor does Macbeth use to describe his mental state?

Macbeth says hos mins is “full of scorpions” when he describes his mental state

How has Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s relationship begun to change?

Macbeth has begun to assume more power

How do the murderers sent to kill Banquo leave the job incomplete?

Banquo’s son escapes

What does Macbeth mean when he says “the young snake that escaped will in time become poisonous and threatening, but for now he has no fangs?”

Fleance is not a danger to him now, but he will become one later

Whose ghost appears at dinner?

Banquo

The ghost at dinner causes Macbeth to . . .

become agiated and upset

How does Lady Macbeth explain Macbeth’s odd behavior?

she says not to worry because he’s had strange visions since childhood

What do Macbeth’s hallucinations reveal about him?

His actions have taken a toll on him

Who us the goddess of witchcraft in the play?

Hecate

Hecate is annoyed with the witches because . . .

she has been left out of their mischief with Macbeth

What does Hecate plan for Macbeth?

to show him visions that will falsely make him feel secure

what word does Lennox use to Macbeth?

tyrant

Why does Macduff go to England?

to ask King Edward for aid in fighting Macbeth

the first apparition tells Macbeth to . . .

beware of Macduff

The second apparition tells Macbeth . . .

no man born of a woman can harm him

The third apparition presented to Macbeth is . . .

a child crowned, with a tree in his hand

What do Lady Macduff and her son argue about?

they argue whether Macduff has betrayed them or not

Which of the following best describes Macduff’s son?

questioning and brave

What happens to Macduff’s wife and children?

they are killed by Macbeth’s men

Why does Malcolm tell Macduff that he is not fit to rule Scotland?

he does not trust Macduff at first and wants to see if he is an enemy of Macbeth

King Edward’s special ability of healing disease through prayer shows that he . . .

rules justly and cares about his people

Who delivered the news to Macduff and Macbeth has murdered Macduff’s wife and children?

Ross

The gentlewoman reports that in her sleep, Lady Macbeth . . .

writes a letter

Although invisible to others, lady Macbeth tries to wash away . . .

spots of blood on her hands

Macbeth suggests the Doctor cure Lady Macbeth by . . .

erasing troubling memories from her mind

Why does Lady Macbeth kill herself?

she cannot bear the guilt

What nation’s army does Malcolm bring with him to Scotland to overthrow Macbeth?

England

Why is Macbeth unconcerned about the men who abandon him to fight with Malcom?

the prophecies make Macbeth overconfident and fearless

Malcolm tells his soldiers to cut down branches of trees to carry as they march . . .

so Macbeth will not know how many men are in the army

Macbeth first realizes that he has been tricked by the prophecies of the witches when . . .

he see Birnam Wood moving toward him

How does Macbeth know that Macduff will be the one who kills him?

Macduff says he was removed from his mother

Macbeth’s tragic flaw is. . .

uncontrolled ambition

Who ruled England during most of the 19th century?

Queen Victoria

After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, Britain was not involved in a major European war until which war?

World War 1

What changes resulted from the expansion of the Industrial Revolution?

steadily created new towns, new goods, new wealth, and new jobs for tens of thousands of people ; these social and economic changes were expressed in gradual political reforms.

What did progress mean to Thomas Babington Macaulay?

a physical and material improvement in living conditions. He wrote enthusiastically about Britain's bright future as a world power. Many other Victorian authors were much more skeptical, however.

What must the city have been like before the reforms Macaulay proposed?

The city was crowded, filthy, and confusing.

Why was the period of the 1840s called the Hungry Forties?

Large numbers of people found themselves unemployed and in need of poverty relief—food assistance—from the government.

What were some of the negative effects of the rapid growth of cities?

The rapid growth made them filthy and disorderly; the streets were still unpaved; the Thames River in London was polluted with sewage, industrial waste, and the drainage from graveyards; there was a stench from the Thames River.

Why were political rallies held in the 1840s? Why do you think the British government prepared the army when reformers petitioned Parliament?

These rallies protested government policies that kept the price of bread and other food high and deprived most working men (and all women) of the vote and representation in Parliament. They feared that the protestors would launch a revolution similar to the revolutions that had taken place in Europe.