Ap Psych Unit 4

Superordinate Goals

Shared goals that require cooperation between groups or individuals

Example: cleaning up the beach, people need to work together to meet the shared goal of having a clean beach

Fundamental Attribution Error

Over-emphasize other’s disposition, ignoring situations

Example: always thinking it’s because of the person on the inside

Obedience

Following orders or instructions from someone with a higher power without usually thinking twice

Example: when the participants were told to keep shocking the person, Most of them did even thought the shocks were lethal

Actor / Observer Bias

Attribute our own actions to external causes, while attributing other peoples behaviors to internal causes

Example: your friend failed the test and you think it is because they are dumb, but if you fail the test it is because the teacher is bad

Out-Group Homogeneity Bias

Viewing members of an out-group as being more similar to each other while seeing members of your own in-group as more diverse

Example: being a chiefs fan and thinking all chiefs fans are different but thinking all eagles fans are the same

Belief Perservance

Tendency to cling to once beliefs, even in the face of contradictory evidence

Example: People thinking the Earth is flat

Implicit Attitudes

Unconscious automatic, evaluations that influence a person’s behavior without intentional awareness

Examples having preferences towards certain groups of people without realizing

Conformity

When we change our behavior to go along with a group of people

Example: Changing your answer to a question when other people picked different than you

Normative Social Influence

We change our behavior to fit in

Example: changing what we wear to fit in

Central Route to persuasion

Persuading someone using facts

Example: listing facts about a car

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

Persuasion using emotions

Examples using a celebrity to promote a product

Ethnocentrism

The belief that what you know/have is better

Example: thinking the US is the best country because you live there

Situational Attributions

Assume behavior is due to something external

Example: They need to get to the hospital

Dispositional Attributions

Assume behavior is due to internal

Example: they are speeding because they like speeding and driving back

Foot in the door

Small to big

Example: free trails

Door in the face

Big to small

Example: ask for something big that you don’t actually want and works your way down until you get what you originally wanted

Industrial organizational psychology I/O psychology

Study of human behavior in work places

Examples: using a company survey to know what needs to be improved or changed

Self-serving bias

Take credit for positive event, but blame negative events on external factor

Example: on a test it is because you studied a lot but if you failed it, it’s because of the teacher

Cognitive dissonance

When our beliefs and behaviors don’t line up

Example: thinking cheating is wrong and then letting your friend copy down your homework

In group bias

Tendency to favor your own group over others

Example: thinking your sports team is better than rival teams

Just world phenomenon

Thinking the world is a just place and people get what they deserve

Karma

Example: when someone is driving fast and reckless and then they crash, you might think they deserved it

Social norms

Unwritten rules and Expectations that tell you how to act In a group or society

Examples Manners, personal space, holding the door, saying please and thank you

Informative, social influence

Conforming by changing the way we think

Example: Deciding you don’t like a

Stereotypes vs prejudice vs discrimination

Stereotypes! Generalization about a particular group of people

Prejudice: to precharge someone without prior knowledge, usually based on stereotypes

Discrimination: To make a different in treatment based on prejudicial factors