Studied by 26 people
Executive Order 9066
1942 action taken by FDR which allowed the Secretary of War to remove Japanese-Americans from their homes and into internment camps if they lived in designated military zones
Korematsu v. United States
1944 Supreme Court Case upholding the constitutionality of Japanese internment camps
War Production Board
Federal agency established in 1942 to oversee all aspects of war industry, including the allocation and procurement of raw materials, to maximize production and efficiency
Henry J. Kaiser
Shipbuilder dubbed “Sir Launchalot” due to his quick and voluminous production of warships during WWII
Office of Price Administration
Federal agency which rationed scarce materials, capped rents in certain areas, set price controls, and forced rationing of meat and butter
National War Labor Board
Federal agency created by FDR to mediate labor disputes to prevent strikes during wartime, and to control wage increases as a means of controlling inflation
John L. Lewis
Iron-willed boss of the United Mine Workers who frequently started strikes as a primary means of dispute
Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act
1943 law allowing the federal government to take over factories plagued by labor disputes, criminalized strikes against government-run companies
Women’s Army Corps
Women’s branch of the US Army established during WWII which hired women in noncombatant roles, expanding women’s wartime roles past nursing
Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service
Women’s branch of the US Navy which was established during WWII and employed women in noncombatant jobs
US Coast Guard Women’s Reserve
Women’s branch of the US Coast Guard which was established during WWII and hired women in noncombatant roles, also known as SPARs
Bracero Program
1942 Agreement between the United States and Mexico which sent thousands of Mexican agricultural workers to the Western US to harvest crops, outlasted the war by over twenty years
A. Philip Randolph
Boss of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters who threatened a “Negro March on Washington” to protest for equality in the war industry sector
Fair Employment Practices Commission
Federal agency created to monitor compliance with FDR’s executive order which banned discrimination in the defense industry
Congress of Racial Equality
Nonviolent civil rights group founded in 1942 which sought to defeat dictatorship abroad and racism in the United States
Code Talkers
Native American soldiers who talked in their native languages over the radio to transmit military information so that Axis decoders would be unable to understand the information if intercepted
Office of Scientific Research and Development
Federal agency that funneled millions of dollars to universities for scientific research, establishing a technological connection between colleges and the government
Burma Road
Route linking Myanmar and China which US troops used to move munitions to Chinese general Jiang Jieshi, cut off by the Japanese
Bataan Death March
80 mile march for surrendering troops from Bataan to Japanese POW camps, known for its brutality
Battle of the Coral Sea
May 1942 naval battle in which Australian-supported Americans held back Japanese advances using only plane-to-plane combat, involved only aircraft carriers
Battle of Midway
June 1942 naval battle which halted Japan’s Pacific offensive using aircraft carriers, sunk 4 Japanese carriers
Bernard Montgomery
British general who repelled Rommel’s forces at El Alamein in October 1942
Enigma
German code that was cracked by Poland and England, allowed Allies to see location of U-Boats
Monte Cassino
Ancient Italian Monastery which was the center of the German defense of Italy
Dwight D. Eisenhower
US Army general who led an Allied coalition force to push the Axis out of North Africa, forced a surrender in May 1943, led US invasion at D-Day, future US President
D-Day
Massive invasion of France by Allied forces on 6/6/1944, involved storming the beaches at Normandy
1944 Election
FDR wins fourth term by defeating New York prosecutor Thomas Dewey 432-99 (26.6million-23 million popular votes)
Thomas Dewey
New York prosecutor who was a Liberal Republican, lost 1944 and 1948 elections
A.C. McAuliffe
Brigadier General who was the commander of the 101st Airborne Division, repelled german offensive at Bastogne, called German calls for surrender “Nuts”
Battle of the Bulge
German attack on American lines in the Ardennes forest in December 1944, stopped by outnumbered American troops, 8k American troops were killed
Victory in Europe Day
Celebrations on May 8th, 1945 after Germany surrendered unconditionally
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Series of three battles in October 1944 which was the largest naval battle of the war, saw Japan’s navy severely weakened
Iwo Jima
Japanese-held island between Japan and the Mariana islands that was crucial to refuel bomber returning from Japan, captured in March 1945, site of famous flag raising
Okinawa
Japanese island which the Japanese defended from caves, taken by the Allies in June 1945 after 50k Allied casualties
Potsdam Conference
Meeting in Berlin in July/August 1945 between Truman, Stalin, and Churchill which agreed to force Japan to surrender or be destroyed
Manhattan Project
American project to develop the atomic bomb, included scientists like Einstein and Oppenheimer
Hirohito
Japaneses emperor during World War II who was allowed to retain the throne as part of the surrender agreement
USS Missouri
Battleship which hosted Japanese surrender on September 2nd, 1945
Little Boy
Nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6th, 1945, killing 70k upon detonation and 60k of radiation poisoning
Fat Man
Nuclear Bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan on August 9th, 1945, resulting in 80k dead or missing people
Victory Over Japan Day
Celebrations when Japan began its surrender proceedings on August 15th, 1945
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Scientist who was key in developing the nuclear bomb, remarked about the destruction his inventions brought
ABC-1 Agreement
Agreement between Great Britain and the United States signed in March 1941 which stipulated that if the US entered WWII, they would coordinate planning with the British to protect the Commonwealth
Douglas MacArthur
United States Army general who conquered New Guinea and helped retake the Philippines from the Japanese when he returned, named General of the Army
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