APUSH Slavery-Free Blacks-Abolition

¼, the majority did not

% of whites owning slaves.

Wade Hampton

The country’s leading slave owner with over 1,000 slaves

Staple or cash crops

crops that were grown to make a profit off of, mostly harvested and grown by slaves

Field slaves

slaves who worked out in the fields

House slaves

slaves who worked in the house; could be called for service at anytime.

Task system

system that gave slaves the option of possible free time once their task was accomplished

Gang system

system where slaves worked from sunrise to sunset; they could not stop working before sunset

overseer

a person whose job was to ensure that the other slaves were doing their jobs

slave diet

it was inadequate to meet the demands of salves’ heavy workloads

slave housing

crude quarters that left slaves vulnerable to bad weather and disease

Fannie Kimble

wrote about the horrible conditions of slaves’ houses 

Slave discipline

Punishment for slaves took many forms like, whipping, torture, imprisionment, mutilation, being sold away, etc. ; they were punished for any reason

Slave religion

many slaves turned to this for inspiration and comfort

Child mortality

Extremely prominent on these plantations; around 66% and on one rice plantation it was as high as 90%

Rape

African American women had to endure this and had no protection or safguard against this

Slave codes

a set of laws in the south that said that slaves were property not people and that they were not to be treated like people

Henry “Box” Brown

A slave on a farm used for shipping; put himself in a box with airholes and shipped himself to freedom by the Adams Express Co.

William and Ellen Kraft 

slaves who bought train tickets, with money earned from William being hired out, and boarded a train to freedom disguised as a white man and his slave valet

Mudsill theory

introduced by James Henry Hammond saying that "In all societies there must be a class to do the menial duties, to perform the drudgery of life."

George Fitzhugh

argued that white was the superior race and that slaves were lucky to be treated the way they were

James Boon

a free black who was a North Carolina artisan who spent his time trying to remain fiscally solvent and his property was in the hands of the creditors

Lunsford Lane

He had raised income by selling pipe tobacco in Raleigh, NC and bought his own freedom as well as his family’s

Pierre Chastang

His actions in a yellow fever epidemic and during the War of 1812 led citizens of Mobile, AL to purchase his freedom for him

Newport Gardner

purchased his own freedom with money won from the lottery

Jehu Jones

The proprietor of one of Charleston, SC’s finest white only hotels; he also sent his son to Amherst College

Tommy LaFon

A noted free black philanthropist in New Orleans, he had a bust of his likeness constructed upon his death

Martin Delaney

This affluent free black man was a noted physician and writer, who later served in the Union Army; wrote The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States

William Johnson

affluent free black slave owner known as the “Barber of Natchez. He was born a slave but then ends up murdered by his neighbor

Cyprian Richard

Affluent free black slave owner; purchased an estate in Louisiana with 91 slaves for $225,000.

Andrew Durnford

affluent free black slave owner who enjoyed great relations with his white neighbors

Bailor Winn

Neighbor of William Johnson who killed him over a dispute and the only witness couldn't testify because he was a slave while Winn was white and Indian

Benjamin Lundy

A NJ Quaker who traveled to the south preaching Anti-slavery doctrine; editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Genesis of Universal Emancipation, he also worked and trained William Lloyd Garrison.

William Lloyd Garrison

In his paper, The Liberator, denounced all compromise and called for immediate emancipation on moral grounds; said to be "the most hated man in the south”

Manumition

freeing your own slaves

Thoedore Weld

an evangelical minister who, helped in forming the American Anti-Slavery Society; wrote American Slavery as it is; called “the most mobbed man in America”

Frederick Douglass

the most outstanding black abolisionist; he founded an Anti-slavery newspaper called The North Star;

Gag Rule

Congress imposed this, tabling all petetions for abolition of slavery; people were concerned about the threat to free speech

Sojourner Truth

she was a tall and deep voiced advocate who participated in the Women’s Suffrage Movement

Charles Lenox Remond

among the first 17 members of the Amercian Anti-Slavery Society; he lectured against the “peculiar institution” until his death

Mother

Which parent determines whether a child is born in captivity or free

David Walker

Born free, he grew up hating slavery; issued Walker’s Appeal, which was the most vigorous denunciation of slavery published in th U.S to its date.

Denmark Vesey

This free black example of self-purchase (through a lottery ticket) organized a failed, large-scale slave revolt in Charleston, SC.

Gabriel Prosser

He organized a large, but failed slave revolt outside of Richmond, VA

Nat Turner

He organized a bloody slave revolt in Southampton County, VA., in which over 50 whites were murdered in one night.

Angelina and Sarah Grimke

born on a slave owning plantation; traumatized after their slave friends were sent to work when they were younger; spent the rest of their lives fighting against slavery

Henry Highland Garnett

considered the “Thomas Paine of the abolitionist movement.” Called for a National Slave Strike and used his own commercial line of ships to transport blacks "back to Africa"

Underground Railroad

a group of organized “conductors” who assisted slaved who were on their way to freedom

Harriet Tubman

most famous Underground Railroad conductor who risked death or worse by organizing trips to the South to free slaves to the North

Leonard Andrew Grimes

A black abolitionist, pastor, and founder of Boston's Twelfth Street Baptist Church, also known as the Fugitives Church

Charlotte Forten Grimke

in 1892, she, along with Mary Church Terrell and Evelyn Shaw, formed The Colored Women’s League; in 1896, helped in starting the National Association of Colored Women

Francis Harper

the first black woman to publish a short story, Two Offers in 1859, and wrote her novel Iola Leroy in 1892

“Sambo Mask”

A form of resistance that led to the cultivation of negative stereotypes regarding African-Americans.

Slave revolt

The least common form of rebellion from slaves

Stono Uprising

the bloody slave revolt that took place in South Carolina in the 17^th c. when slaves overpowered guards and fled south to Florida.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

This Transcendentalist argued that slavery violated the “Oversoul” precept that all are divine

Henry David Thoreau

In essays like "Civil Disobedience" this author advocated resisting unjust laws such as the fugitive slave act

Hinton Helper

Author of "The Impending Crisis of the South” which stated that slavery and economic progress could not coexist

At least 20

How many slaves did an owner have to own to be considered of the planter class

Yeoman Farmers

The largest group of southern whites in the antebellum South