NSG 313: Exam 1 Blueprint (not finished)

SATA: 5 q's Pharmacokinetics: 13 q's Individual considerations: 9 q's Safe Medication Administration/ Adverse effects: 23 q's Dosage Calc: 6 q's IV therapy: 3 q's

Pharmacokinetics

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

what role does each aspect play in medication admin, dosing, monitoring, and patient tolerance

vary patient to patient, vary on drug, vary on route

Bioavailability, which routes are absorbed faster

the way a drug can be absorbed into the body, when 2 drugs come to the same result and arent doing anything differently from one another

Efficacy of medications

how effective is the drug? two drugs can have the same efficacy in different dosing

Generic vs. trade names

lowercase (acetaminophen) vs uppercase (Tyleno)

Placebo vs. actual drug

fake drug (“sugar pill”), the brain can convince itself a placebo is real

Therapeutic index, what does it mean and if it is high, low, etc

the safety margin, prevents toxic levels of drugs

How drugs are classified

know which ones are more abused than others, what ones are common, schedule 1: illegal ones (cocaine), schedule 2: most abused (pain meds), schedule 5: cough syrup (not likely to be abused), what is safe for pregnant woman to take (A & B)

What does the nurse need to know and understand about medications through the lifespan of a human (infant to elderly), dosing for children vs. adults

organ immaturity (kids) vs slowing down organs (elderly)

topical meds or any meds for that matter (not giving the same you would a child vs an adult)

kidney problems (toxicity potential)

Pregnancy and breastfeeding, what drug classes are safe, when to give medications when a patient is breastfeeding

A & B, C can only be taking with a lot of warning, D & X are huge NOs

take medications AFTER breastfeeding

make sure mother understands that medications can pass through mlik

Drug tolerance

different people have different drug toleranvces and 1 patients dose wont work the same way as on another patient

OTCs: understanding possible interactions with other medications, why are certain medications OTC and not a prescribed medication

can interact with perscripetopns and do not require prescritoions, not always safe, commonly missused (not following directions), and supplements (ginger, vitamins, etc.)

Clinical trials, stages of most concern

preclincal/before introducted to the public

animal testing

1st stage (10-15 healthy people)

2nd stage (50+)

3rd stage (larger pop/public)

Scheduled medications

adhere to schedule

Controlled substances

sschedule two highest risk, bc its prescribed, schedule 1 is illegal no clinical usage.

10 rights of med admin

right patient, right dose, right time, right route, right medication

(if they refuse their meds, document it, educate them, give the provider a note)

Proper administration (time, dose, route, things to consider)

if needed to be given on an empty stomach; 1 hour before food or 2 hours after

Half-life of medications

how long it takes for your body to get rid of half of the drug in your system

ex: half-life of 6 hours, given 200 mg; will have 100 mg after 6 hours

to find out when it is out of the body: keep on splitting it in half until there is none left

Liver and Kidneys, what role do they play in medications

filters in the body, metabolism of medications, if they have liver or kidney failure, what happens to the medication? (dosage change, timing change?)

Nurse’s role in med admin

everything other than writing the order

Patient education on anaphylaxis or allergic reactions

what should the patient look for, what does anaphylaxis look like, what does an allergic reaction look like?

Primary vs. secondary reactions vs. allergic response vs. anaphylactic reaction

side effects VS adverse reactions

which is more harmful? adverse reactions?