Counseling quiz

Quiz

Defining counseling (holland)

that counseling is primarily a listening process that is geared to understanding how the world looks to the person that is being counseled

What is counseling?

• more than just talking about problems also about finding solutions

• counseling is just one part of treatment but the counseling relationship should be consistent throughout treatment

• counseling can and often occurs each time you interact with a client

What do clinicians do?

• Gather information

  • diagnostic interviews

• provide information

  • educating client or family about the condition the

• listen to clients

  • showing clients/caregivers you understand their concerns.

What do clients do?

• Talk about their problems

• talk about the kinds of solutions they would like to see

• Talk about ways to achieve those solutions

content counseling

• Gathering information. This is where SLPS usually feel most comfortable

Affect counseling

Listening, empathizing, and allowing emotions to come forward. This is often uncomfortable for SLPs.

ASHA scope of practice

The counseling process for SLPs include counseling emotional reactions, thoughts, feelings and behaviors that result directly from a communication disorder.

SLPs counsel by providing

• education

• guidance

• support

Clients and families are counseled regarding

• acceptance

• adaptation

• decision making about communication disorders

SLPS counsel in many ways

• empower the client and family to make informed decisions related to communication issues

• educate the family, client, and related community members

• provide support

• provide clients with skills that allow them to be their own self-advocates

• discuss, evaluate, and address negative emotions and challenges associated with communication disorders.

• Refer clients to other professionals

Therapist vs technician

with therapist there is a healing connotation to it with technician it reminds me of someone who performs technical tasks without a therapeutic relationship. A therapist engages in a holistic approach, while a technician focuses on specific procedures.

Know thyself

• every clinician has their own unique personality and attraction to certain approaches chose one that is compatible with your views

• understanding your own values, biases, personality etc. will help you develop your own counseling style

Behavioral theory

• B.F. Skinner John Watson

• Behavior is shaped by the environment

• How the environment influences behavior

• reinforcement and punishment (consequences), extinction, and paired stimuli

• classical and operant conditioning

• Timing is critical for consequences to be successful

Humanistic model

• Maslow (1962)

• The natural human drive is to grow, but this is altered
  When parents and teachers impose their influence on a child’s learning.
  This results in the child looking to others for approval and wisdom

• Aim: help the client remove barriers to achieve self actualization-ones’s drive to become indepent independent

• Focus on helping clients reach their full potential

Humanistic model: client centered approach

• Carl Rogers (1956)

• aim to help client/family process grief and become open to change

• empathetic/active listening

• most helpful in instances of shock and grief in a new diagnosis of trauma

• useful when developing new therapeutic relationship

• can be very nondirective: some SLPs find it uncomfortable to “just listen”

Client centered approach

• SLP follows and reflects clients emotional responses

• It's easy for the speech-language pathologist (SLP) or the client to start thinking of the SLP as an expert who can fix the client's emotional problems. But SLPs should avoid taking on that role, even though they really want to help.

• Self discovery and self-actualization is best accomplished by clinicians listening instead of prescribing

Humanistic model: existential approach

• focus on free will, self-determination, personal responsibility

• aim: pursue goals despite being confronted by death, freedom/responsibility loneliness etc

• focus on how the client perceives themselves and their environments

• often helpful in working with seriously ill or profoundly impaired children and their families and long term care patients.

humanistic approach in SLP

• help clients understand who they are and what they feel

• provide opportunities to explore the possibly of creating personal choices

• encourage self awareness and self-realization

  • common for fluency, acquired impairments, accent modification, learning disabilities

Cognitive behavioral therapy

• emotional problems stem from dysfunctional thinking (misconceptions, unrealistic expectations, etc)

• three pronged process

  • change thinking

  • change behavior

  • change belief system

CBT for SLP

• present focused problem solving

• aim: change thoughts and behaviors in order to ultimately change how one feels

  • cognitive restructuring/reframing

• identify automatic thoughts that cause negative feelings

• automatic thoughts can come from core beliefs

• useful for clients with very negative thoughts that impede therapetuic progress

CBT is action oriented

• client puts self into situations to test assumptions

• how to challenge/dispute thoughts

  • journaling the more you write the more you process

  • discuss with therapist

family systems

• each person in the family influences the other members of the family creating an interdependent system

  • a hierarchy exists in healthy families

  • emotional problems must be viewed within the family context

• behaviors or family members can result in either positive or negative outcomes

• family members can (and usually should ) be utilized to help the patient

Lutterman (2008) optimal families have the following

• clear and direct communication among all family members

• roles and responsibilities are clearly defined

• family members accept limits on how to resolve conflicts

• family members feel loved but permit individual space

• healthy balance between change and stability

Multicultural theory

• sensitivity and consideration for different cultural beliefs and practices

• openly show respect for other cultures and beliefs

  • physical touching space

  • special attention to foreign born clients’ women from other cultures religious considerations

Why is multicultural theory important?

SLP are 96.3% female and 91.8% white

eclectic approach (integrative approach)

• Choose concepts/techniques from a variety of approaches

• A combination is often necessary to fully address a given client’s solution

Isolation and intimacy

• We all desire to be understood and heard

• . Strong emotions make us feel isolated, which can be painful

• Once a problem is discussed on a subjective level, the parties engaged in the
  discussion become closer and tend to share in the associated emotions.”

• Good counseling is effective because it helps clients and caregivers feel less alone on their often difficult journeys. It creates intimacy.

Dialectics

• A middle path a balance

• therapy is about moving back and forth between acceptance (listening validating) and change (teaching skills, educating)