Ap lang

Legal or Forensic

Public speaking that occurs in courtrooms, addressing past actions.

Politics or Deliberative

Public speaking in legislative assemblies, urging action for the future.

Ceremonial or Epideictic

Public speaking that reinforces shared beliefs about current affairs.

Persuasive Speeches

A type of speech aimed at convincing the audience through various techniques.

Invention

The process of developing persuasive arguments and information.

Arrangement

The organization of a speech to effectively present persuasive arguments.

Style

The use of impactful language tailored to the topic of persuasion.

Memory

The use of mnemonic devices to aid in recalling speech content.

Delivery

The effective use of gestures, body language, and vocal cues in presenting a speech.

Fundamentals of Rhetoric

The basic principles defining purpose, audience, composition, argumentation, organization, and style.

Medieval Rhetoric

The use of rhetoric by the Church to spread Christianity and guide interpretation of Scripture.

Augustine

A key figure who adapted classical rhetoric for Christian teachings in the 5th century.

Boethius

A scholar who summarized classical rhetoric, influencing its study for 800 years.

Rhetoric in the Church

Used to create rules for preaching and legal letters, preserving classical texts.

Renaissance Rhetoric

A revival of classical rhetoric, emphasizing style and the study of figurative language.

Private Discourse

Informal conversations that expanded the scope of rhetorical communication.

Peter Ramus

Proposed a reform separating dialectic from rhetoric, focusing on style, memory, and delivery.

John Locke

Argued for clear language and generalizations, criticizing rhetoric for complicating communication.

Giambattista Vico

Challenged Cartesianism, emphasizing probability over absolute truth in knowledge.

Rhetoric and Psychology

The connection between understanding mental processes and effective persuasion in the 19th century.

Diversity in Rhetoric

The growing recognition of race and gender in rhetorical studies and public speaking.

Modern Rhetoric

Explores various media and messages, adapting to diverse audiences and contexts.

Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle

Consists of ethos (credibility), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos (logical argument).

SOAPS²Tone

A tool for rhetorical analysis focusing on speaker, occasion, audience, purpose, subject, style, and tone.

SPERM

Contexts (Social, Political, Economic, Religious, Military) that influence rhetorical discourse.

Concession and Refutation

Acknowledging opposing points (concession) and countering them (refutation) to strengthen one's argument.