Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction in Biology 100

Meiosis

Cell division producing gametes with half chromosomes.

Haploid Cell

Cell with one chromosome from each pair.

Diploid Cell

Cell with two chromosomes from each homologous pair.

Tangled Bank Hypothesis

Benefits of genetic variation, i.e. having individuals with

different genes, allows individuals to use a range of environments

Mutation Purge Hypothesis

Bad mutations removed from population through reproduction.

Novel Genotypes Hypothesis

Good mutations combined in individuals via sexual reproduction.

Red Queen Hypothesis

Parasites and disease-causing organisms can take

advantage of individuals with similar immune system. Sexual reproduction mixes up the immune systems.

Nondisjunction

When Meiosis goes wrong

Down Syndrome

Condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

Homologous chromosomes sort independently during gamete formation.

Cytokinesis

Final stage of cell division, splitting cytoplasm.

Spindle Fiber

Structure that separates chromosomes during cell division.

Kinetochore

Protein structure on chromosome where spindle fibers attach.

Tetrad

homologous pair of chromosomes linked together