Social and religous policies of Charles Personal Rule 1629-40

What is the aims of Charles with his social policies?

-goodwill in helping his people even if not recognised

-gain income

What is the exact militia?

Train bands organised by the county that didn’t star regular training and weapon drill until 1625

Standards varied considerably as it depended in the financial support of local gentry

What was the problem with exact militia?

Train bands are often unwilling to serve beyond home areas

How widely did the size of exact militias vary as recorded in the 1638 Drill Book?

Yorkshire 12k men> London 8k (increased to 20k by 1642)> Shropshire has less than 500 men

What happened during the Fenland Drainage?

Sir Thomas and court officials appropriated 24k acres of choicest land for themselves

Kennedy accused them of serving their interest rather than the county’s

How did Charles react to the complaints of local commissioners over the actions of Sir Thomas?

He warned them to cooperate becuse of his regal power and for the public good

How did Charles interfere in the Fenland Drainage in 1637?

He took over the Great Fen and increased the share of land for Sir Thomas from 24k to 57k acres

How did the people oppose fenland drainage?

Popular pamphlets condemned it as a prime example of tyranny

Why was Fenland Drainage hated?

People saw it as an injustice where the privileged seizes the best land for themselves

What was the 1631 Book of Orders?

A book given to JPs by Charles which greatly increases his control over the government for the ‘better administration of justice, relief of poor, reformation of disorders’

What was the Popish soap?

A Company which included Catholics which is founded by Lord Treasurer Portland

Has near monopoly over soap manufacturing

What was the reaction to Popish soap and why?

Intense public outcry and anti Catholicism since the soap scarred skin and fabric

How much did Popish soap increase crown revenue by?

Crown annual profit rose to newly £30k by the end of 1930s

What is Arminianism/ Laudianism?

This term describes Catholic-like Protestants who perform Catholic ceremonies, stress predestination with free will

How was Laud’s promotions under James?

Dean of Gloucester 1616

Bishop of Bath and Wells by 1625

How was Laud’s promotions under Charles?

Bishop of London 1629

Archbishop of Canterbury 1633

What are the beliefs of Arminianism?

King is divine

Assimilated government and church

Churches need to be beautiful in order to glorify god (Catholic like)

What are the policies of Church appearance that gave protestants a fear of return of popery?

Stained glass windows, special clothing for priests, every parish is decorated

How is uniformity of religion imposed?

Law requirement to conform the the Book of Common Prayer strictly

Advocate adherence of 39 articles

Priests wear vestments, bow at the name of Jesus

What is the consequence of not conforming to religious uniformity?

Clergy could be disciplined, suspended, deprived of livings

What are metropolitical visitations?

Visits to check that every diocese is enforcing conformity done by Laud

How was Leighton punished for being a Puritan critic by Laud in 1630 and through what means?

Fined, ears cut off, nose slit

Punishment done through the Court of High Commission and Star Chamber

Why did the Court of Exchequer order the dissolution of Feoffees and what is it?

For inappropriations which sees their assets confiscated, it is an organisation of wealthy Puritans who bestow benefice (a living in exchange for church services) on Puritan preachers

What were censored to destroy Puritanism?

Hostile books and pamphlets

Who were prosecuted to destroy Puritanism?

Town corporations and people who appointed Puritan lecturers to give street sermons

How is the state of churches in the 1630s?

Lead is stolen from church roofs, animals wander freely, they were used as markers, stables due to neglect

What did the king launch to restore St Paul’s in 1633 and what was the impact?

A special levy, those who didn’t pay were kept in records

What did Laud do which provoked hostility from landowners

He paid tithes to clergy instead of to gentries which they see as threatening to their property

What are tithes?

Taxes to pay the parish priest

How is the church’s authority used to reinforce divine rights?

Laud encourages clergy to preach sermons supporting the divine nature of royal authority

Which Arminian became Lord treasurer?

Bishop Juxon of London, this gives prominent places in the government to bishops

What was the trial of Prynne, Bastwick and Burton in 1637?

Prynne, Bastwick and Burton were accused of attacking the bishops because they criticised them

All 3 were multilated, pilloried, imprisoned which was the usual treatment for common criminals thus led to widespread horror since they were gentlemen

Martyrs of the anti-Laudian cause