Topic 4: ACE Notes Respiratory

• tachypnea

• tachycardia

• fatigue and activity intolerance

• pale and cool extremities

• coughing/wheezing

what are the S/S of HF in kids

cluster care due to fatigue

how do you provide care to children with HF

hold for HR < 90

when do you hold digoxin in for an infant

hold for HR < 70

when do you hold digoxin for a child

abnormal response to group A strep infection

what causes rheumatic fever

unknown, infection of some sort

what causes Kawasaki’s

have you had any S/S of a respiratory illness recently?

what should you ask a patient if you suspect rheumatic fever

• fever

• conjunctival redness

• rash

• strawberry tongue

• swelling of the fingers

• peeling skin on hands and feet

• lymph involvement and swelling

what are the S/S of kawasaki’s

• fever

• carditis: murmur and pain

• polyarthritis

• SQ nodules

• pink rashes with pale center

what are the S/S of rheumatic fever

antibiotics, diuretics, digoxin, fluid/salt restrictions

what is the treatment for rheumatic fever

IV gamma globulin (blood product), blood thinners (clopidogrel, aspirin, warfarin, exoparin) for clot prevention

what is the treatment for Kawsasaki’s

• thick secretions

• salty skin

• meconium ileus (bowel obstruction that prevents passing of meconium within first few days of birth)

• can’t absorb fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)

• barrel chest

what are the S/S of cystic fibrosis

not passing meconium in the first few days of birth

what is the first sign of cystic fibrosis

pancreatic enzymes to help with absorption and MUST be taken with food

what is the treatment for cystic fibrosis

peak expiratory flow (PEF)

what determines the severity of asthma (mild, moderate, or severe)

albuterol

what do you give for an acute asthma attack

theophylline

what is a maintenance medication for asthma

retractions

what are signs of respiratory distress

antibiotics

what is the treatment for acute pharyngitis

swallowing a lot

what indicates post op bleeding after a tonsillectomy

seal-like barking cough

what type of cough do all kinds of croup have

• acute epiglottitis

• acute laryngotracheobronchitis

• pertussis

• whooping cough 

what disorders are considered croup

Hib bacteria

what causes acute epiglottitis

Hib vaccine

what can prevent acute epiglottitis

acute epiglottitis

medical emergency that is inflammation of the epiglotis

• drooling

• high fever

• difficulty breathing

• tripod position

• inspiratory stridor

what are the S/S of acute epiglottitis

ENT, anesthesia, MD that has the ability to intubate as irritation can cause spasm and complete obstruction of the airway

who can diagnose/assess a child with acute epiglottitis

Hib vaccine, antibiotics, suction for drool

what is treatment for acute epiglottitis

acute laryngotracheobronchitis

croup that is caused by an URI that gravity pulls down to the lower respiratory area

fluid in the middle ear

what causes otitis media

• kid pulling at ear

• ear drainage

• fever

• ear pain

what are S/S of otitis media

pain relievers and amoxicillin

what is the treatment for otitis media

spleen and liver are enlarged and can rupture with physical contact

why should those with mononucleosis not participate in contact sports

• coughing

• lots of secretions

• RR > 60

what are the S/S of RSV

• droplet precautions

• antibiotics

• antipyretics

what is the treatment for RSV

palivizumab monthly

what should be given to those at risk for RSV

• preemies

• those < 6 months old

• those with a heart defect, respiratory, or neuro disorders

who are those at risk for RSV