exam 3 biology

study of describing, naming/ classifying organisms

taxonomy

scientific name parts

1st genus: capitalized n itlicuzed (underlined when written)

2nd specific epithet

carl linnaeus

made up scientific name. formal way of introducing species

category vs taxon

rank or lvl of taxonomic classification ex:fam or genus

tacon: a named group of organisms ex: urus

name the categories 1-7

1 species

2 genus

3 fam

4 order

5 class

6 pylum

7 kingdom

8 domain

what is the tree of life and what does it show us

its a model that shows evolution relationships between all living organism's on earth

it shows us how different species r related through common ancestors

what r the 3 domains in tree of life

bacteria, archea, n protist.

what r the 4 kingdoms in tree of life

protist, fungi, plantae, animalia

systemics

studyof diversity n life n its evolutionary rls

what is phylogeny

evo history of a group of organisms. presented as a phylogenetic tree

the phylogentic tree is made up of what three things

root: oldest point of time in tree, common ancestor

line: lineages, species

nodes: last common ancestor ofthe branches above

Label a- c n why each label is that

a monophyletic has to do w a comon ancestor n all of its descendants (known as clades)

b polyphletic unrelated orhanism grouped by common trait lack a common ancestor

c paraphyletic contains common anecestor but not all descendants

what is homoplasy

individuals can look similar but not b closely related at all n thats bc of convergent evo

convergent evolution resulting structures r…

analogus sturcture that evolved diff in species

homology va homoplasy

plasy: results FROM convergent evo. makes them analogus structures, similar func but not development path, NOT ON PHYLOGENTIC TREE

logy: common ancestry, same developmental path n position not necessarily function, results IN homolgues sturctures, ON PHYLOGENTIC TREE

polymerase chain reaction

where u make a bunch of copies of dna from a small sample (molecular data)

advantages of moleculear data

can compare distantly related species that dont look similar and one who arent related but look similar so u dont have to go based off looks.

can factorslf environmental phentotype affect on species

cladistics

ased on shared n derived characters states which results in cladograms