most important 1&2 antibacterial drugs | Quizlet

Sulfasalazin

INHIBITORS OF TETRAHYDROFOLATE SYNTHESIS

- sulfapyridine + mesalazine

- originally developed as an anti-rheumatic agent

- used mainly in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Bacitracin

INHIBITOR OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS

- active ONLY against G+ bacteria

- markedly NEPHROTOXIC - only topical use

Amoxicilin

PENICILLIN FAMILY

- narrow antibacterial spectrum

- inactivation by gastric acid

- resistance of staphylococcal strains

- skin infections, urinary

- often combined with beta-lactamase inhibitor like clavulanic acid

Ciprofloxacin

FLUOROQUINOLONES

- bactericidal

- broad spectrum (G(-) and some G(+)

- urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted infections

INTERACTION WITH MEDICATIONS CONTAINING METALLIC CATIONS

- TENDINITIS, TENDON RUPTURE (full or partial tear of the Achilles tendon)

Trimethoprim

INHIBITOR OF TETRAHYDROFOLATE SYNTHESIS

- bacteriostatic

- broad spectrum

- used mostly as component of co-trimoxazole

Clindamycin

- bacteriostatic - reversibly binds to the 50S subunit

- dental abscesses , intra-abdominal infections, lower respiratory infections, gynecological infections

Chloramphenicol

- bacteriostatic

- broad spectrum

- invasive ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae infections

- limited usage due to serious side effects

- GREY SYNDROME

Isoniazid

- bactericidal

- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (anti-tubercular)

- prodrug

- inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids

Neomycin

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

- bactericidal

- broad spectrum (aerobic G-, mycobacteria)

- ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

- neuromuscular blocade

Doxycyline

TETRACYCLINE

- bacteriostatic

- broad spectrum

- atypical pneumonias, bronchitis, chlamydial genital infections, rickettsial infection (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus, Q fever), Lyme disease

- discoloration of teeth & inhibition of bone growth in children

Azithromycin

MACROLIDES

- bacteriostatic

- anti-inflammatory & immunomodulatory effects

- Helicobacter pylori infection, pneumonia, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis,

- cardiotoxicity- QT-interval prolongation

Sulfonamides

Sulfamethozacole, Sulfapyridine

- bacteriostatic

- broad spectrum

- rarely used due to the frequent emergence of resistant bacteria

- hypersensitivity reactions, photosensitivity

Vancomycin

- bactericidal

- drug of choice for the treatment of bowel inflammations occurring as complication of antibiotic therapy

- systematic administration increase the risk of nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity or vestibular toxicity

Rifampicin

- bactericidal

- inhibits bacterial DNA-ependent RNA polymerase

- tuberculosis and leprosy treatment

- hepatic damage, hypersensitivity

Pyrazinamide

- bactericidal

- prodrug

- accumulates inside the bacterial cell

- tuberculosis

Co-trimoxazole

INHIBITORS OF TETRAHYDROFOLATE SYNTHESIS

trimethoprim + sulfomethoxazole

Ethambutol

- bacteriostatic

- acts as an arabinose analogue and inhibits arabinosyl transferase

- tuberculosis

- visual disturbance, optic neuritis

Metronidazole

NITROIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES

- bactericidal

- inhibition of the protein synthesis by interacting with DNA

- antibacterial (anaerobes) & antiprotozoal

- BLACK BOX WARNING: carcinogenic (based only on animals studies)

- DISULFIRAM REACTION when combined with ethanol

Clavulanic acid

- beta-lactamase inhibitor

- often administrated with amoxicillin because its prevent bacteria from destroying amoxicillin