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Mindfulness
________- Based Techniques: Help clients become more accepting and less judgmental of their recurring thoughts, feelings, and memories.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
________ is thought to result from a lifetime of excessive repression.
Hypothalamus
________ activates the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system.
Movement Desensitization
Eye ________ and Processing (EMDR): An exposure treatment in which clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while flooding their minds with images of objects and situations they ordinarily avoid.
PTSD
People suffering from ________ are more likely to transmit relevant biological abnormalities to their children.
Hypnosis
________ can help people remember events that occurred and were forgotten years ago.
Dissociative disorders
________ are caused by repression.
Acute
________ or posttraumatic stress disorder can occur at any age.
Behavioral
________: apply exposure techniques when treating veterans with PTSD.
Multifinality
________: People with similar beginnings may wind up at different end points.
Iatrogenic
________: Cases that are unintentionally produced by practitioners.
Stressor
________: The event that creates the demands.
Equifinality
________: Different developmental pathways may lead to the same end point.
Developmental Psychopathology Perspective
________: Focuses on the intersection and context of important variables at key points of time throughout an individuals lifespan.
Derealization
________: Feeling that the environment is unreal or strange.
Depersonalization
________: The sense that ones own mental functioning or body are unreal or detached.
Dissociative Amnesia
________ is a single episode of massive repression.
Self hypnosis
________: The process of hypnotizing oneself, sometimes for the purpose of forgetting unpleasant events.
Childhood abuse
________ can also trigger dissociative amnesia.
Hyperalertness
________: excessively alert.
Fusion
________: Final merging of two or more subpersonalities.
symptoms of PTSD
Brains stress circuit: Dysfunction in the stress circuit contributes to the ________.
psychological disorders
Stress reactions are often at play in ________.
Amygdala
________ (springs into action when the person confronts a stressor) activity is too high.
Conscious Subpersonalities
________: The subpersonality that is aware and is a quiet observer.
Dissociation
________: Psychological separation.
Brain body pathways
________ in which the ANS and the endocrine system produce arousal.
Group Therapy
________: Veterans meet with other like themselves to share experiences and feelings, develop insights, and give mutual support.
Amnesic Relationships
Mutually ________: The subpersonalities have no awareness of each other.
traumatic event
Continuous Amnesia: The person may forget new and ongoing experiences as well as what happened before and during the ________.
Endocrine System
________: Network of glands located throughout the body.
Torture
________ through deprivation: sleep, sensory, social, nutritional, medical, or hygiene deprivation.
Personal Styles
________: People with certain personalities, attitudes, and coping styles are particularly likely to develop PTSD.
Complex PTSD
________ is PTSD + profound disturbances in their emotional control, self- control, and relationships.
Automatic Writing
________: The current personality may find itself writing down words over which it has no control.
Fugues
________ are brief and reversible, so there are few aftereffects.
Psychological Debriefing
________: A form of crisis intervention that has victims of trauma talk extensively about their feelings and reactions within days of the critical incident.
Resilience
________: the ability of a person to adapt well and cope effectively in the face of life adversity.
Traumas
________ that increase the risk of stress disorders: mutilation, severe physical injury, sexual assault, witnessing the injury or death of other people.
Symptoms of depersonalization derealization disorder
________ are persistent /recurrent, cause considerable distress, and may impair social relationships and job performance.
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Pathway
________: When we are faced by stressors, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to secrete stress hormones.
Sympathetic Nervous System Pathway
________: A group of ANS fibers that work to quicken our heartbeat and produce the other changes that we come to experience as fear or anxiety.
Selective Amnesia
________: A person will remember some, but not all, events that took place during a period of time.
Hypnotic Amnesia
________: Hypnosis can make people forget facts, events, and personal identities.
Subpersonalities Alternate Personalities
________: The two or more distinct personalities found in individuals suffering with did.
Acute Stress Disorder
________: A disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms soon after a trauma but for less than a month.
Psychological torture
________: threats of death, mock executions, verbal abuse, degradation.
Depersonalization
________: Feeling that their conscious state or body is unreal.
PTSD
________: A disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms long after a traumatic event.
stressor
When we view a(n) ________ as threatening, a natural reaction is arousal and a sense of fear.
Stressor
The event that creates the demands
Stress Response
The persons reactions to the demands
Autonomic Nervous System
Extensive network of nerve fibers that connect the central nervous system to all the other organs of the body
ex
breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, perspiration, etc
Endocrine System
Network of glands located throughout the body
Sympathetic Nervous System Pathway
A group of ANS fibers that work to quicken our heartbeat and produce the other changes that we come to experience as fear or anxiety
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Pathway
When we are faced by stressors, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to secrete stress hormones
Fight-or-Flight response
these systems arouse our body and prepare us for a response to danger
Traumatic Event
Event in which a person is exposed to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation
Acute Stress Disorder
A disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms soon after a trauma but for less than a month
PTSD
A disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms long after a traumatic event
Hyperalertness
excessively alert
Dissociation
Psychological separation
Depersonalization
Feeling that their conscious state or body is unreal
Derealization
Feeling that the environment is unreal or strange
Disasters (ex
earthquakes, floods, tornadoes, fires, airplane crashes serious car accidents)
Sexual Assault / Rape
Forced sexual intercourse or another sexual act committed against a nonconsenting person or intercourse between an adult and an underage person
Terrorism
Many people develop immediate and long-term psychological effects when they are victims of terrorism or live under the threat of terrorism
Torture
The use of brutal, degrading, and disorienting strategies to reduce victims to a state of utter helplessness
Physical torture
beatings, waterboarding, electrocution
Psychological torture
threats of death, mock executions, verbal abuse, degradation
Sexual torture
rape, violence to the genitals, sexual humiliation
Torture through deprivation
sleep, sensory, social, nutritional, medical, or hygiene deprivation
Brain-Body Stress Pathways
people who develop PTSD react with especially heightened arousal in the stress pathways
Brains stress circuit
Dysfunction in the stress circuit contributes to the symptoms of PTSD
Inherited Predispositions
Certain individuals inherit a tendency for overly-reactive brain-body stress pathways and a dysfunctional brain stress circuit
Personal Styles
People with certain personalities, attitudes, and coping styles are particularly likely to develop PTSD
Resilience
the ability of a person to adapt well and cope effectively in the face of life adversity
Social Support Systems
People whose social and family support systems are weak are more likely to develop PTSD after a traumatic event
Severity and nature of the traumas
The more severe or prolonged the trauma and the more direct ones exposure to it, the greater the likelihood of developing a stress disorder
Traumas that increase the risk of stress disorders
mutilation, severe physical injury, sexual assault, witnessing the injury or death of other people
Developmental Psychopathology Perspective
Focuses on the intersection and context of important variables at key points of time throughout an individuals lifespan
Multifinality
People with similar beginnings may wind up at different end points
Equifinality
Different developmental pathways may lead to the same end point
Cognitive Processing Therapy
Therapists guide the veterans to examine and change the dysfunctional attitudes and styles of interpretation they have developed as a result of their traumatic experiences
Mindfulness-Based Techniques
Help clients become more accepting and less judgmental of their recurring thoughts, feelings, and memories
Behavioral
apply exposure techniques when treating veterans with PTSD
Prolonged Exposure
A treatment approach in which clients confront not only trauma-related objects and situations, but also their painful memories of traumatic experiences
Eye Movement Desensitization and Processing (EMDR)
An exposure treatment in which clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while flooding their minds with images of objects and situations they ordinarily avoid
Couple and Family Therapy
With the help and support of their family members, veterans with PTSD may come to
Group Therapy
Veterans meet with other like themselves to share experiences and feelings, develop insights, and give mutual support
Psychological Debriefing
A form of crisis intervention that has victims of trauma talk extensively about their feelings and reactions within days of the critical incident
Localized Amnesia
A person loses all memory of events that took place within a limited period of time, almost always beginning with some very disturbing occurrence
Selective Amnesia
A person will remember some, but not all, events that took place during a period of time
Generalized Amnesia
Loss of memory extends back to times long before the upsetting period
Continuous Amnesia
The person may forget new and ongoing experiences as well as what happened before and during the traumatic event
Dissociative Fugue
An extreme version of dissociative amnesia
Subpersonalities / Alternate Personalities
The two or more distinct personalities found in individuals suffering with did
Switching
The transition from one subpersonality to another
Mutually Amnesic Relationships
The subpersonalities have no awareness of each other
Note 
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