Chem terms

imported from quizlet

Chemistry

The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes; and the energy changes that accompany these processes

Organic Chemistry

the study of carbon containing compounds

Inorganic chemistry

the study of non-organic substances

Analytical chemistry

the identification of the composition of materials

Physical chemistry

the study of properties of matter, changes that occur in matter, and the relationships between matter and energy

Biochemistry

the study of the chemistry of living things

Theoretical chemistry

the use of mathematics and computers to design and predict the properties of new compounds

Basic research

pure research that aims to confirm an existing theory or to learn more about a concept or phenomenon

Applied research

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Technological development

typically involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life

Pure substance

A substance made of only one kind of matter and having definite properties.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Element

a substance made up of only one type of atom, all with the same number of protons

Compound

a substance formed by the chemical union of two or
elements or atoms in definite proportion by weight

Atom

fundamental building block of all matter

Molecule

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Physical property

A property that can be observed without changing the identity of a substance

Chemical property

A property that describes a substance that has an identity change

Accuracy

A description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.

Precision

The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result.

Extensive property

A property that depends on the amount of matter in the sample

Intensive Property

A property that doesn't depend on the amount of matter in the sample

Hypothesis

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Theory

A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data

Model

A pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept

Law

A statement based on repeated experiments or observations, that describes or predicts a range of natural phenomena

Mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object

Weight

A measure of the force of gravity on an object

Group

A column on the periodic table

Family

Groups of elements with similar properties

Period

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Metal

A class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity.

Nonmetal

an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

Metalloid

an element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals

Kilogram

SI base unit for mass

Meter

SI base unit for length

Second

SI base unit for time

Mole

SI base unit for amount of a substance

Kelvin

SI base unit for temperature

Ampere

SI base unit for electric current

m^3

Derived SI unit of volume

kg/m^3

Derived SI unit of density

kg/mol

Derived SI unit of molar mass

Joule

Derived SI unit of energy

Decanting

A method of separating immiscible liquids by pouring the top layer into another container.

Filtration

the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

Evaporation

The liquid is evaporated, meaning it is convert from its liquid state to gaseous state. This often requires heat. Once the liquid is completely evaporated, the solid is all that is left behind.

Distillation

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points

Chromatography

A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.

(Actual value-experimental value/actual value) x 100

How to calculate percent error

Direct relationship

a relationship in which one variable increases with an increase in another variable

Indirect relationship

a relationship when one variable increases while the other variable decreases