Chapter 22: Chemical Bonds

Nonpolar Molecule

________: one in which electrons are shared equally in bonds.

Chemical Formula

________: tells what elements a compound contains and the exact number of the atoms of each element in a unit of that compound.

Molecule

________: A neutral particle that forms as a result of electron sharing.

Ion

________: a charged particle because it now has either more or fewer electrons than protons.

Covalent Bond

________: The attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons.

Hydrogen

________ and helium, the elements in period 1 of the periodic table, can hold a maximum of two electrons in their outer energy levels.

Sodium

________ is a soft, silvery metal that combines with chlorine, a greenish yellow gas, to form ________ chloride, which is a white crystalline solid.

Metals

________ and nonmetals usually combine by forming ionic bonds.

Subscript

A(n) ________ written after a symbol tells how many atoms of that element are in a unit of the compound.

Electron dot diagrams of noble gases

________ show that they each have a stable outer energy level.

Polyatomic Ion

________: a positively or negatively charged, covalently bonded group of atoms.

Water Molecule

A(n) ________ contains two single bonds.

Single Covalent Bond

A(n) ________ is made up of two shared electrons.

Table sugar

________ is an example of a covalent compound that is a crystalline solid soluble in water.

Polar Molecule

________: one that has a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end, although the overall molecule is neutral.

Hydrate

________: a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions and written into its chemical formula.

Electron dot diagrams

________ show only the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom.

Electrons

________ are not always shared equally between atoms in a covalent bond.

Covalent Compounds

________ are those formed between elements that are nonmetals.

Magnesium Atom

A(n) ________ gives an electron to each of two chlorine atoms to form MgCl2.

Binary Compound

________: one that is composed of two elements.

Maximum Number of Electrons

An atom is chemically stable when its outermost energy level has the ________.

points of covalent compounds

Melting and boiling ________ are relatively lower when compared to ionic compounds.

Covalent Bonds

________ form between nonmetallic elements.

Chemical Formula

tells what elements a compound contains and the exact number of the atoms of each element in a unit of that compound

Ion

a charged particle because it now has either more or fewer electrons than protons

Ionic Bond

the force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound

Covalent Bond

The attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons

Molecule

A neutral particle that forms as a result of electron sharing

Polar Molecule

one that has a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end, although the overall molecule is neutral

Nonpolar Molecule

one in which electrons are shared equally in bonds

Binary Compound

one that is composed of two elements

Oxidation Number

The charge on the ion'

Polyatomic Ion

a positively or negatively charged, covalently bonded group of atoms

Hydrate

a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions and written into its chemical formula

Potassium

________ and iodine must perform a transfer of one electron.

Polarity of Water

The ________ is responsible for many of its unique properties.

Ionic Compounds

Some ________ are composed of more than two elements.

Covalent Bond

A(n) ________ also can contain more than one pair of shared electrons.