Key dates and examples 1945-1975

When was the Yalta Conference?

Feb 1945

When was the Potsdam Conference?

Jul-Aug 1945

What and when was the Truman Doctrine?

Policy of containment → 1947 → offerent support to countries threatened by communism

When and what was the Marshall Aid?

1948-1951 → offered $13bn to help eurpopean countries recover from war

When was the Berlin Airlift?

Jun 1948 - May 1949

When was NATO created?

Apr 1949

What years were the korean war?

1950 - 1953

How many US casualties in the Korean war?

120,000

How much did the Korean War cost the US?

$67bn

When was the Berlin Wall crisis?

1961

When was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

1962

What was the defence spending in the 50s?

$40-$50bn per year

How did Eisenhower combat communist takeover of Taiwan?

→ 1950 dispatched the Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Straits

→ threatened to use nuclear weapons during the First Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1954–55

When was the Suez crisis?

1956

What and when was the Eisenhower doctrine?

1957 - asked congress for military/economic aid for any middle eastern country that was threatened by agression

When and what was the Austrian State Treaty?

May 1955 - USSR surrendered territory and Austria became a neutral state

What and when was the Warsaw Pact?

→ response to NATO by Khrushchev

→ collection of communist countries

→ caused uprisings in hungry when Nagy wanted to leave and was told no

When and what was the Geneva Meeting?

1955 - Eisenhower proposed ‘Open Skies’ Plan to prevent stockpiling of weapons - soviets rejected

When was the U2 Crisis?

1960

When was the Gulf of Tonkin incident?

1964

What was ‘Operation Rolling Thunder’?

US bombing campaign 1965-1968 → hoped to destroy vietcong supply routes

What was the US’s tactic of ‘search and destroy’?

helicopters descend of villages suspected of housing vietong - then burnt them down

How many people had a TV by 1966?

93%

When was SALT 1?

1972

When was the trade embargo on china lifted?

1971

What was the Vietnam Peace Agreement?

Jan 1973 → US fully withdraw troops and vietcong allowed to hold all areas of captured S.Vietnam

What was Vietnamisation?

the gradual training of S.Vietnamese troops and the withdrawl of US troops

How did Nixon try to pressure N.Vientam to hand over responsibility to the ARVN?

Bombed countries around Vietnam e.g. Cambodia