1.06 - intracellular signaling

what is transduction?

what are some other signaling events that involve the membrane?

explain how an extracellular signal can cause effects within the cell; what is the process?

what are some examples of effects effector proteins can have

• protein kinases

• transcription factors

how are intracellular signals inactivated?

review the typical components of signal transduction

what are the 3 types of cell membrane receptors?

how do G-protein-coupled receptors work?

describe the structure of GPCRs

how do G_s GPCRs work?

once activated, what does PKA do?

describe the transitions from ATP → cAMP → 5’AMP

what is the pattern for all G protein mechanisms?

for G_s what is the associated

• subunit?

• subunit activity 

• biochemical effects

• biological impacts

for Gi what is the associated

• subunit?

• subunit activity 

• biochemical effects

• biological impacts

for Gq what is the associated

• subunit?

• subunit activity 

• biochemical effects

• biological impacts

for Gt what is the associated

• subunit?

• subunit activity 

• biochemical effects

• biological impacts

describe the second messeger systems of Gq GPCR

explain the Ca2+ concentration in the cell and how is can be used to cause effects in the cell

how does Ca2+ interact with calmodulin?

describe the pathway of a Gq GPCR

how does Gi GPCR work?

what are enzyme-coupled receptors?

what is the pathway of RTKs?

compare PLC and PI3K

describe the PI3K → PDK1 → Akt pathway