vertebra column/spine 10/22

how many vertebrae do adults have 

26

How is the vertebra column supported 

SI joints by hipbone 

How man vertebra do children have

33

Pedicles

Short, thick projecting posteriorly, one on
each side, from the lateral aspect of theeach side, from the lateral aspect of the
surface of the body.surface of the bo

Lamina

Broad, flat and directed posteriorly and medially from each 

What is the final curve to develop 

lumbar

What is the primary curve

Kyphotic curve

What are the two kyphotic curve

thoracic and pelvic

Transverse process

projects laterally and posteriorly

Spinous process

Can be palpated

most posterior aspect of vertebra

Articular process

arises from pedicles and laminae to articulate with vertebra

Intervertebral foramina

formed by stacking of the inferior vertebral arch above over the superior notch

Intervertebral Disk function

provides cushion

acts as shock absorber 

affords movement 

What is the intervertebral disc made of

cartilage 

Annulus fibrosus 

outer, firm, fibrous portion of disc

Nucleus Pulposus

soft, semigelantinous inner portion of disc

Ligament flava

vertically between the laminae of adjacent vertebrae

Interspinal ligament

connect adjacent spinous process

Supraspinatus ligament

Connects tips of spinous processes

Bamboo spine 

ossification develops in the longitudinal ligaments 

which position line should be perpendicular to IR for a true lateral c spine 

MCP

How is the CR directed for a PA axial oblique projection

15-20 degrees caudally

How is the CR directed for a AP axial oblique projection

15-20 degrees cephalically

Where do spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spine 

intervertebral foramen 

Where do costal facets of T spine lie

posterior, lateral sides of
bodies for articulation with head of ribsbodies for articulation with head of ribs

What do the facets of the transverse process articulate with

Tubercle of rib

Where does the T spine not articulate with ribs 

T11 and T12

What is seen on lateral t-spine x rays 

intervertebral foramina 

what is seen on oblique c spine x ray

Intervertebral foramina and pedicles farthest from IR

why is left lateral preferred for spine x ray

reduces magnification of heart 

With reference to the MSP how do zygapophyseal joins open in cervical vertebrae

90 degrees laterally

With reference to the midsagittal plane, how do zygapophyseal joints open in thoracic vertebrae?

70 to 75 degrees anteriorly 

Which position of the cervical vertebral column best demonstrates the left intervertebral foramina when the central ray is angled 15 to 20 degrees cephalad?

RPO

Which position of the cervical vertebral column best demonstrates the right intervertebral foramina when the central ray is angled 15 to 20 degrees caudad?

RAO

Which direction do you angle when the patient is PA

caudad

Which direction do you angle when the patient is AP

cephalic 

For the AP projection of the thoracic vertebral column with the patient in the supine position, why should the patient's hips and knees be flexed?

To reduce kyphosis 

What compensation should be made in the lateral projection of the thoracic vertebral column on a recumbent patient when the lower thoracic region is not parallel with the table?

Angle the tube 10 to 15 degrees cephalic

What structure projects posteriorly and inferiorly from the junction of the laminae?

Spinous process

Which projection of the vertebral column best demonstrates kyphosis?

Lateral T spine

What part of the thoracic vertebra articulates with the head of a rib?

Costal demifacet

What is shown in the midline of an AP t spine when there is no rotation

Spinous process

Tube angle for swimmers technique if shoulders is well depressed

3-5 degrees caudal