KIN 110 Midterm (copy)

Glabella

Glabella

Middle concha (of Ethmoid Bone)

Perpendicular plate of Ethmoid; top part of nasal septum

Vomer; inferior part of nasal septum

Angle of mandible; lower posterior of ramus

inferior conchae; paired
Note: this is a separate bone from the ethmoid (ethmoid has a superior and middle nasal conchae)

Nasion

Coronal suture
-Between frontal bone and parietal bones

Pterion
-H-shaped junction between the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid

Coronoid process

Head of mandible/Condylar process

Ramus of mandible

Body of mandible

Styloid process
-part of temporal bone

Mastoid process
-round projection on temporal bone behind ear; palpable

External acoustic meatus
(ear canal)

Orbitomeatal plane

External occipital protuberance

zygomatic arch
-paired

Lambdoid suture
-divides parietal and occipital bones

Sagittal suture
-between parietal bones

Lambda
-where lambdoid suture and sagittal sutures meet (separating parietal bones and occipital bones)

Superior nuchal line
-runs horizontally from external occipital protuberance

Inferior nuchal line

Occipital condyle
-round prominence on right and left of foramen magnum

bregma (junction of coronal and sagittal sutures)

Foramen magnum

Lateral pterygoid plate
-part of sphenoid bone

Att: Lateral pterygoid muscle, medial pterygoid muscle
N: Mandibular N

What attaches here and their Nerves?

Medial pterygoid plate
-part of sphenoid bone

Cribriform plate
-part of ethmoid bone

Tuberculum sellae
-part of sphenoid bone; sella turcica

Hypophysial fossa
-depression in sella turcica

temporal fossa

infratemporal fossa

Condylar process

mental foramen

mental protuberance

Alveolar process

sphenomandibular ligament
-runs from sphenoid bone to ramus of mandible
Function: pivot point; allows the jaw to swing

Stylomandibular ligament
-runs from styloid process to angle of mandible

TMJ joint
-modified hinge joint; allows for movement in 3 planes
-Articular surfaces: Head of mandible, articular tubercle (of temporal bone), and mandibular fossa

temporalis muscle
Attachments: temporal fossa, coronoid process
-passed behind/deep to zygomatic jaw
Function: elevates mandible, closes jaw, retracts

Masseter
Attachments: maxillary process of zygomatic bone and Arch, Ramus of mandible (**Class notes: Zygomatic arch-->Angle of Mandible)
Function: elevates mandible

Medial pterygoid
Attachments: Lateral pterygoid plate, tuberosity of maxilla, Ramus of mandible
Function: elevates mandible

Lateral pterygoid
Attachments: Greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid plate, Joint capsule and articular disc of TMJ
Function: protracts mandible and swings jaw side to side (contralateral jaw movements, like when a cow eats)

Supra orbital notch

Greater wing of sphenoid

Lesser wing of sphenoid

Optical canal

Superior orbital fissure

Inferior orbital fissure

Infraorbital foramen

Mandibular nerve

Nerve supply to the muscles of mastication?

Vertebral body
Function: supports body weight

Vertebral Arch
-Formed by lamina and pedicles
Function: wraps around spinal cord and shields it/PROTECTS

Articular processes
Function: lock vertebra in place. These reach up and down, thus restrict movement

Transverse process
Function: muscle attachments and movement. These stick out a lot so things can attach.
-Allows for increase strength.

Spinous process
Function: muscle attachments and movement. These stick out a lot so things can attach.
-Allows for increase strength.

Pedicles

Lamina

Vertebral foramen

Intervertebral foramina
-doorway between spinal cord and periphery. Nerves and vessels pass through

Intervertebral disc
-fibrocartilage between vertebral bodies; Acts as ligament and shock absorber
-permits movement between adjacent vertebrae
-provides strong attachments between vertebral bodies

Zygapophysial joint
(facet joint)
Formed by: superior and inferior articular processes
Function: 1. facilitate and control vertebral column flexibility
2. provides structural stability to vertebral column as a whole
3. guides and constrains motions in spine due to their geometry

Inferior articular process

Superior articular process

Annulus fibrosus
-fibrocartilage outer portion of intervertebral disc

Nucleus pulposus
-center of intervertebral disc
*closer to the back/canal thus prone to herniating/moving backward
-85% water at birth, dehydrate as we age - then IV discs lose strength and become stiffer, more resistant to deformation

Ligamentum flavum
Runs between lamina - from lamina above to lamina below. Yellowish
FUNCTION: prevents flexion (resists separation of lamina)

Posterior longitudinal ligament
-inside canal, mainly attached to IV discs.
Runs C-spine --> sacrum; Runs along posterior aspect of vertebral bodies
-not very wide
FUNCTION: 1. prevents hyperflexion of vertebral column
2. prevents herniation of IV discs

Anterior longitudinal ligament
-Wide, strong, broad
-connects anterolateral aspects of vertebral bodies and IV discs
-Runs from sacrum to C-1 and occipital bone
FUNCTION: limit extension of vertebral column; maintain stability of IV joints

C-1 Atlas
Function: support the skull
-No body
-wide transverse process
-transverse ligament of atlas

C-2 Axis
Function: support articulating facet; act as base of C-1
-Dens*: body of C-1. Sticks up and goes in between anterior arch and transverse ligament

Dens
-Acts as C-1 body. Sticks up and goes in between Anterior arch and transverse ligament ("foramen for dens")

Facet of atlas
-facets glide across each other

Transverse ligament of atlas
-holds dens of C2 against C1

Foramen transversarium/Transverse foramina

In Cervical vertebrae ONLY

Cervical vertebrae
-spinous processes= bi-footed (bifid)
-Big foramen (for vertebral artery) - protects artery. Distinct. Big and triangular
*Have transverse foramen (foramen in transverse process)
-Facet surface: point superiorly and anteriorly

Epiphysial rim
-Discs directly attach here. Type of bone, is covered in hyaline cartilage.

thoracic vertebrae
-Heart shaped body
pronounced transverse processes
-smaller foramen

Lumbar vertebrae
-triangular foramen
-big body
-flat spinous processes-> for attachments
-Large IV discs relative to body --> good lateral flexion
-interlocking articular processes--> prevent rotation
-Zygapophysial joints: allow for flexion and extension (Extension>flexion)

Atlas - posterior tubercle

Atlas - transverse process

Atlas vertebral foramen

Atlas posterior arch

Axis spinous process
**bifid

Axis transverse process

Axis lamina

Axis inferior articular process

Vertebral arch=Pedicles+Lamina

Vertebral column:
-Protects spinal cord and nerves
-supports weight of body superior to the pelvis
-provides partially rigid and flexible axis for body and pivot for head
-plays important role in posture and locomotion

Jugular notch
-top of sternum

Manubrium
Lies at level of T3-4

Manubriosternal joint (sternal angle)

Xiphisternal joint

Xiphoid process

Lordosis
-Anterior rotation of pelvis

Kyphosis
-abnormal increase in thoracic curvature
-vertebral column curves posteriorly

Hyoid bone
-lies in anterior part of neck at level of C-3, between mandible and thyroid cartilage
-does not articulate with any other bone
Function: attachment for anterior neck muscles and keeps airway open

Hyoid bone greater horn