APUSH Ch.2 Quiz

Queen Elizabeth I

(1533-1603) The Protestant Queen of England who reigned from 1558 to 1603. She was known for her support of English exploration and colonization, as well as for fostering the English Renaissance. Under her rule, England began to compete with Spain for overseas colonies.

Sea Dogs

English privateers commissioned by Queen Elizabeth I to raid Spanish ships and settlements during the late 16th century. These privateers, such as Sir Francis Drake, played a significant role in weakening Spanish influence in the Atlantic and expanding English wealth and power.

Francis Drake

English sea captain and privateer who circumnavigated the globe (1577-1580) and contributed to the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

English explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England in 1583, considered a pioneer of English colonization in North America.

Sir Walter Raleigh

English explorer who sponsored attempts to establish a colony on Roanoke Island, known as the "Lost Colony" due to its mysterious disappearance.

Philip II

King of Spain (1556-1598) and major opponent of Protestant England, known for launching the Spanish Armada in 1588.

Spanish Armada 1588

A fleet sent by King Philip II to invade England, defeated by the English fleet, marking a decline in Spanish naval dominance.

Enclosing

The process of converting common land into private land, leading to displacement of peasant farmers and migration to the Americas.

Primogeniture

Legal principle where the eldest son inherits all family land and wealth, prompting younger sons to seek fortunes elsewhere.

Joint-Stock Company

Business model where investors pool money to fund ventures, used to finance early English colonies like Jamestown.

Virginia Company

Joint-stock company chartered by King James I in 1606 to establish settlements in North America, including Jamestown in 1607.

James I

King of England (1603-1625) who granted the charter to the Virginia Company, leading to the founding of Jamestown.

Jamestown 1607

The first permanent English settlement in North America, established by the Virginia Company in Virginia.

Captain John Smith

English soldier and explorer crucial to the establishment and survival of Jamestown, known for his leadership and relations with the Powhatan tribe.

Powhatan

Chief of a confederation of Native American tribes in Virginia, father of Pocahontas, associated with Jamestown.

Starving Time

The winter of 1609-1610 in Jamestown marked by extreme starvation and disease, leading to many settlers' deaths.

Lord De La Warr

First governor of Virginia in 1610, known for implementing strict military discipline and "Irish tactics" against the Powhatan Confederacy.

Irish Tactics

Military strategies used by Lord De La Warr in Virginia, modeled after harsh methods from the English conquest of Ireland.

John Rolfe

Early settler credited with the successful cultivation of tobacco in Virginia, married Pocahontas, fostering peace with Powhatan tribes.

Tobacco

A cash crop that became the economic foundation of the Virginia colony, significantly shaping its economy and social structure.

House of Burgesses

Established in 1619, the first legislative assembly of elected representatives in North America, serving as a model for colonial governments.

Maryland

Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore as a haven for Catholics facing persecution in England, one of the original Thirteen Colonies.

Indentured Servants

Individuals who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the New World, significant in early colonial labor.

Act of Toleration 1649

Maryland law granting religious freedom to all Christians, one of the first laws protecting religious freedom in English colonies.

Jamaica

Caribbean island captured by the English in 1655, became a major center for sugar production and the transatlantic slave trade.

Sugar Cane

Profitable cash crop grown in the Caribbean, requiring intensive labor and leading to the widespread use of enslaved Africans.

Barbados Slave Code 1661

Laws defining the status of enslaved people and owners' rights in Barbados, serving as a model for other colonies.

Charles I

King of England (1625-1649) whose conflict with Parliament led to the English Civil War (1642-1651).

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of Parliamentary forces during the English Civil War, became Lord Protector of England from 1653 until his death in 1658.

Charles II

King who restored the monarchy in 1660 after the English Civil War, marking the Restoration period.

Carolina

Founded in 1663 as a proprietary colony by King Charles II, later split into North and South Carolina.

Rice

Staple crop in the Carolina colony, especially South Carolina, becoming a major part of the economy due to favorable conditions and enslaved labor.

Charleston

Major port city in the Carolina colony, founded in 1670, becoming a key trade and cultural center in the American South. Known for its trade, including the export of rice, indigo, and enslaved Africans.

Savannah

City founded in Georgia in 1733 by James Oglethorpe as a buffer against Spanish Florida and a place for debtors to start anew.

James Oglethorpe

Founder of Georgia in 1733, he established the colony as a place for the "worthy poor" of England to start afresh and as a military buffer against Spanish Florida.