Microbiology Lecture One

who came up with the five kingdom model

Robert whittaker

what were the five kingdoms

animals, plants, fungi, protists, monera

what kingdom is all bacteria

monera

who came up with the three domains of bacteria

archaea, bacteria, eukarya

define microbiology

study of small living things

what is “small” in microbiology

too small to be see with the unaided human eye (.2mm)

what in parkaryotes

bacteria and archaea

what are the eukaryotes

fungi, algae, protozoa, and helminths

what are the viruses

viruses and bacteriophage

what is before the nucleus

prokaryotes

what is after the nucleus

eukaryotes

what is not alive

viruses

what is a microorganism

a living cell

what size is bacteria

10^-6 m

what size is a virus

10^-7 m

what tends to be the largest bacteria

protozoa

what are the only two characteristics bacillus cereus and bacteriophage have in common

reproduction and locomotion

what runs the earth

microbes

how long ago did microbes apperar

3.5 billion

what is stramato life

bacteria fossil, colonies of photosynthetic bacteria

what does microbial photosynthesis do

accounts for most atmospheric oxygen on Earth

what will happen if microbes die off

everything will die

what are microbes used for in the food industry

preservatives

what are the different areas of biotechnology

recombinant, molecular, and agricultural

what used to be the main cause of death

microbes

what is bacteriology

study of prokaryotes

what is mycology

study of fungi

what is phycology

study of algae

what is protozoology

study of protozoa

what is virology

study of viruses

what is immunology

study of the immune system

what s parasitology

study of parasites and their hosts

why did the discovery of microbes take so long

they are naked to the human eye

who came up with the term cell

robet hooke

who was the first person to see living bacteria

antonie van leeuwenhoek

what did leeuwenhoek do that allowed him to see bacteria

heated glass and it magnified things by 250-350 times its original size

define biogenesis

living things originate from other living things

define spontaneous generation (abiogenesis)

life rapidly appears from non-living things

what did aristotle favor

spontaneous generation

what did francesco redi do

tested for spontaneous generation in a better way

what did louis jablot do

tested for spontaneous generation by cloudiness of materials through a glass apparatus

what did john needham do

tested for spontaneous generation by flasks and covering them after pouring them into a new one after heating

what did lazzaro spallanzani do

repeated Needham experiment, but had one covered the whole time and not the other

what were lazzaros conclusions

oxygen was needed for spontaneous generation

what did schulze and schwann do

treated incoming gas with heat or chemicals

what experiment did pasteur do

used swan-necked flasts and heat treated one but not the other

what were pasteur’s conclusions

the one with heat did not produce microbes

who was the first Goldenage microbiologist

louis pasteur

who discovered endospores

john tyndall and ferdinand cohn

who observed the spread of puerperal fever

oliver wendell holmes

what was Semmelweiss’ solution for puerperal fever

washing hands with chlorinated lime solution

who discovered the cholera outbreak was coming from sewers in london

john snow

who started germ theory

pasteur

what was the start of germ theory

if wine can be infected with microbes, so can humans

to prevent diseases from spreading what did lister suggest

using carbolic acid (phenol) to wash hands and wounds

what is honey classified as

antimicrobial

who described several postulates for proving the etiological agent of diesase

koch

define taxonomy

science of classifying living things

what did Carl von Linne begin to do

systematically classify living things

how is every organism named

binomially

what are taxonomic ranks from largest to smallest

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species