Studied by 20 people
who came up with the five kingdom model
Robert whittaker
what were the five kingdoms
animals, plants, fungi, protists, monera
what kingdom is all bacteria
monera
who came up with the three domains of bacteria
archaea, bacteria, eukarya
define microbiology
study of small living things
what is “small” in microbiology
too small to be see with the unaided human eye (.2mm)
what in parkaryotes
bacteria and archaea
what are the eukaryotes
fungi, algae, protozoa, and helminths
what are the viruses
viruses and bacteriophage
what is before the nucleus
prokaryotes
what is after the nucleus
eukaryotes
what is not alive
viruses
what is a microorganism
a living cell
what size is bacteria
10^-6 m
what size is a virus
10^-7 m
what tends to be the largest bacteria
protozoa
what are the only two characteristics bacillus cereus and bacteriophage have in common
reproduction and locomotion
what runs the earth
microbes
how long ago did microbes apperar
3.5 billion
what is stramato life
bacteria fossil, colonies of photosynthetic bacteria
what does microbial photosynthesis do
accounts for most atmospheric oxygen on Earth
what will happen if microbes die off
everything will die
what are microbes used for in the food industry
preservatives
what are the different areas of biotechnology
recombinant, molecular, and agricultural
what used to be the main cause of death
microbes
what is bacteriology
study of prokaryotes
what is mycology
study of fungi
what is phycology
study of algae
what is protozoology
study of protozoa
what is virology
study of viruses
what is immunology
study of the immune system
what s parasitology
study of parasites and their hosts
why did the discovery of microbes take so long
they are naked to the human eye
who came up with the term cell
robet hooke
who was the first person to see living bacteria
antonie van leeuwenhoek
what did leeuwenhoek do that allowed him to see bacteria
heated glass and it magnified things by 250-350 times its original size
define biogenesis
living things originate from other living things
define spontaneous generation (abiogenesis)
life rapidly appears from non-living things
what did aristotle favor
spontaneous generation
what did francesco redi do
tested for spontaneous generation in a better way
what did louis jablot do
tested for spontaneous generation by cloudiness of materials through a glass apparatus
what did john needham do
tested for spontaneous generation by flasks and covering them after pouring them into a new one after heating
what did lazzaro spallanzani do
repeated Needham experiment, but had one covered the whole time and not the other
what were lazzaros conclusions
oxygen was needed for spontaneous generation
what did schulze and schwann do
treated incoming gas with heat or chemicals
what experiment did pasteur do
used swan-necked flasts and heat treated one but not the other
what were pasteur’s conclusions
the one with heat did not produce microbes
who was the first Goldenage microbiologist
louis pasteur
who discovered endospores
john tyndall and ferdinand cohn
who observed the spread of puerperal fever
oliver wendell holmes
what was Semmelweiss’ solution for puerperal fever
washing hands with chlorinated lime solution
who discovered the cholera outbreak was coming from sewers in london
john snow
who started germ theory
pasteur
what was the start of germ theory
if wine can be infected with microbes, so can humans
to prevent diseases from spreading what did lister suggest
using carbolic acid (phenol) to wash hands and wounds
what is honey classified as
antimicrobial
who described several postulates for proving the etiological agent of diesase
koch
define taxonomy
science of classifying living things
what did Carl von Linne begin to do
systematically classify living things
how is every organism named
binomially
what are taxonomic ranks from largest to smallest
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
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