chp 8 helping handz altruism

altruism

any behavior tryna increase another person’s welfare especially when it doesn’t seem to directly reward the giver

reciprocal altruism

idea that if we help other people now, they will return the favor should we need their help in the future

reciprocity norm

social norm reminding us that we should follow the principles of reciprocal altruism

social responsibility norm

we should try to help others even without any expectation of future paybacks

whats w helping & positive mood?

1. feeling good = feelin safe enough to help people

2. more social & vibin w people

3. helping maintains a positive mood

what negative emotions increases helping

guilt bc helping alleviates our guilt

Macbeth effect

observation that people tend to wanna cleanse themselves when they perceive they feel like they've violated their personal ethical standards

• fearful/sad too

personal distress v empathy w helping

so personally distressing we leave instead of helping

or we feel a connection to the person via empathy & stay to help

Latané and Darley’s Stages of Helping

1. noticing

2. mmm event is an emergency

3. taking responsibility

4. know appropriate intervention

5. taking action

Noticing stage

small town people more likely to help bc more aware than big city people

people working alone

bigger the group less we notice things

Interpreting if an event is emergency stage

when you think

Is he going to rape her? Or is she just kinda shy around guys…

pluralistic ignorance

when people think that others in their environment have info that they don’t have → then base their judgments on what they think the others are thinking

diffusion of responsibility

occurs when we assume that others will take action and therefore we do not take action ourselves

taking responsibility stage

people more likely & quickly to respond when one on one w victim

people in groups, bigger the group the less help bc assumption of diffusion of responsibility

taking action stage

people who are trained for emergencies more likely to help

altruistic/prosocial personality

some people are indeed more helpful than others across a variety of situations

what do men typically do to help

physical strength things

what do women typically do to help

long-term support, raising money, cleanup of disaster sites, tending to the wounded

how does the helped victim person feel

sometimes embarrassed, worried about being seen as dependent/incompetent, lowers self esteems

dependency oriented help

when the recipient feels that the implication of the helping is that they are unable to care for themselves

• like when you help a drunk girl at the party pull up her hair to throw up

• recipients may refrain from accepting & feel bad

autonomy-oriented help

reflects the helper’s view that, given the appropriate tools, recipients can help themselves

how to increase helping

people more likely to participate related to self-related (understanding, personal development, esteem enhancement)

• when preexisting connections weak

• praising , noticing,