Biology: Long Answer

Label Frog

Label Frog

I will

Label Worm

I will

Label Cells

I wil

Label Microscope

I will

Root System

Reproduces sexually, conducts food and water, photosynthesize, consists is the leaf, flower, and the stem

Root System

Anchors the pant, absorbs water, conducts water, stores food and nutrients.

Dermal Tissue System

Tissues covering the outer surface of the plant

Vascular Tissue System

All plant tissues responsible for conducting materials within a plant

Ground Tissue System

All plant tissues other than those that make up the dermal and vascular tissue systems

The _______________ is responsible for transporting substances within the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The ___________ package and distribute proteins to be exported from the cell

Golgi Body

Cell membranes are _________________, allowing some substances to pass through and not others

Semi Permeable

When cells are reproduced by combining two parent cells, this is called ______________ reproduction

Sexual

When digestive acid backs up into the esophagus the result is known as _______________

Heart Burn

The infection fighting cells found in blood are _______________

White blood cells

In some animals ______________ allows the animal to replace lost limbs and even large portions of the body

Muscular tissue regrowth

A roots ability to absorb is increased by _______

Length

What human cells never divide? what implications does this have

Nerve cells, never divide so your nervous system is precious and needs to be produced, damage is almost irreversible

Why would continually removing the leaves of the plant potentially kill it

The plant performs photosynthesis through its leaves, so no leaves no photosynthesis therefore no nutrients/food for the plant. Killing it.

Central Nervous System

Responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly.

Peripheral Nervous System

Allows the brain and spinal cord to receive and send information to other areas of the body, which allows us to react to stimuli in our environment.

Mitochondria

Generates chemical energy required to power the cell

Golgi Apparatus

Receives proteins from the ER, and sorts them for transport to lysosomes

Lysosome

Gets rid of waste inside the cell, and collects products to sustain reactions during starvation

Vacuole

Storages and transports substances

Chloroplasts

Use photosynthesis to produce energy to help plants grow

Artery

Carries oxygenated

Vein

Carries deoxygenated blood

Ribosomes

Made of protein, and sysnethesizes protein in the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Stores things, synthesizes proteins and metabolizes

Centriole

Organizes microtomes to serve in skeletal system

Prophase

• Nucelar membrane dissolves

• Chromatin pairs into chromosomes

• Spindle fibres move to opposite sides

Metaphase

• Chromosomes are lined up in the centre by the spindle fibres

Anaphase

• Chromosomes are pulled by the spindle fibres to opposite sides

• Chromatids move to opposite cell ends

Telophase

• Nucleus form a membrane around each mass of chromatids

• Chromatids turn back into chromatin in each new nucleus

Cancer

Cancer is the result of cell mitosis out of control

Difference between benign tumours and malignant tumours

Benign are harmless, cancer free, and don’t spread. Malignant tumours are harmful and spread throughout your body

Carcinogen

Substances that cause cancer, eg. arsenic.

What is a stem cell and what is the difference between tissue stem cells and embryonic stem cells

Stem cell is an unspecialized cell the difference between tissue stem cells and embryonic stem cells, are the latter can differentiate into any cell, while tissue stem cells can only form specific types of cells.

How is mechanical digestion different from chemical digestion

Mechanical digestion differs from chemical digestion because it manually breaks down food through biting or movement of smooth muscle in the stomach expanding and contracting. Chemical digestion uses chemical compounds to almost disintegrate the food.

Liver

Produces bile, which breaks down fats into energy

Pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes, helps regular human blood sugar levels, produces insulin

Gall Bladder

Stores bile, created by liver, helps breakdown large fat pieces

What is the flow of oxygen through the heart

Makes a figure eight. Right atrium deoxygenated blood the moves to the right ventricle, and to the lungs. When it reaches the blood gets oxygenated then the left atrium receives the oxygen rich blood, and moves to the left ventricle that pumps it out to body cells.

What is an ECG

Electrocardiogram it is used to identify a heart attack by reading electrical signals as they travel through the heart.

Arteries: Description and Function

Large muscular vessels, carry blood away from the heart

Veins

Thin inelastic walls, carries blood towards the heart

Capillaries

Small and think walled, allows the exchange of gases and nutrients

Red blood cells, concentration and function

50% Contains Hemoglobin a protein the picks up oxygen and carbon dioxide'

White blood cells

1% Fights and destroy diseases

Platelets

1% Helps blood clot and seal wounds

Plasma

50% Carries blood cells, dissolves wastes

How does gas exchange occur in the alveoli

Alveoli and the capillaries are really close so the carbon dioxide and oxygen can move freely and in and out. When air is breathed in the oxygen molecules attach to red blood cells and travel back to the heart, while CO2 is exhaled.

How does air enter your lungs and get expelled from the body

Air enters your body through inhalation - The ribs are pulled up - The diaphragm contracts and moves down - Giving space for the lungs to increase in volume - Leading to a pressure decrease and the intake of air

What is multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a potentially disabling disease when the immune system attack the protective layer that covers the never fibre, causing communication problems.

Muskuskeletal System

Composed of the bones of the body and the muscles that make them move. Its function is to support the body, add stability, and aid movement.

How does the digestive system rely on the circulatory system

When blood is pumped through the digestive system nutrients are collected from previous meals

How does the respiratory rely on the circulator system

The circulatory system brings oxygen to the respiratory system, oxygen that is needed for it’s function

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Where in the plant does it occur.

Carbon dioxide + Water Sunlight> Glucose + Oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

What are the two types of vascular tissue in a plant

Xylem: Conducts water, Phloem: Conducts Sugar/Organic Compounds

What are guard cells and their functions

Guard cells are around a stoma. and change in size based on cell pressure