biology quiz 1

cell theory

is a unifying concept explaining the cell itself.

Zacharias Janssen

Created the first compound microscope

1590

year where the first compound microscope was created

Galileo Galilei

Improved upon the compound microscope design

1609

Improved upon the compound microscope design in _

Robert Hooke

Discovered CELLS from cork

1665

year when CELLS from cork were discovered

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Used a handmade microscope to observe pond water & discovered protozoans

1673

year when a handmade microscope was used to observe pond water & discovered protozoans

1827-33

year of discovery of nucleus on pants

robert brown

discovered the nucleus in plant cells.

Matthias Schleiden

Concluded that all plants are made of cells

1838

year when matthias schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells

theodor schwann

claims that all animals are made of cells

1839

year when theodor schwann claims that all animals are made of cells

rudolph virchow

concluded that all cells came from previous cells which are the foundation of cell division

1855

year where rudolph virchow concluded that all cells came from previous cells which are the foundation of cell division

cell membrane

it is the outermost  part of the cell whose main functions are

phospholipids

The cell membrane is composed, the majority, of 2 layers of __

head

is made of an inorganic phosphate that has a non-polar covalent chemical bond. because of this, water, which is highly polar can enter the __ thus has a property called HYDROPHILIC

endoplasmic reticulum

moves material around the cell

ribosomes

makes protein, each cell has thousands of it

peroxisomes

vesicles filled with enzymes and breaks down hydrogen peroxide to oxygen

centrosome

makes microtubules, it divided into two during cell division

centrioles

when centrosome replicates

tail

is made up of 2 fatty acids connected by glycerol, a type of alcohol via ester bonds. Since the fatty acids are non-polar, water molecules will be repelled, thus has a property called HYDROPHOBIC

cytoplasm

covers the whole surface area of the cell. majority of the organelles are embedded in it.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Protein synthesis, with ribosomes (has a protein)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons, and storage of calcium ions. (acts like liver)

Golgi complex

organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products

lysosomes

contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules in the cell

vacuoles

the temporary storage of food and water inside the cell

mitochondria

Produces energy inside the cell

plastids

contains pigment

Chloroplast

is a type of plastid that is responsible for Photosynthesis

cytoskeleton

the shape of the cell is maintained by __

microfilament

thinest of cytoskeleton

microtubules

thickest of cytoskeleton

intermediate filaments

are fibers with diameters in a middle range. acts as mechanical support, anchor organelles, and moves substances

nucleus

controls all the processes inside the cell. It contains the Genes that makeup all the traits in our body.

nucleus envelope

the outermost layer of the nucleus, the __ separates the cytoplasm from the contents of the nucleus.

nuclear pore

Allows the passage of materials from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum

nucleoplasm

the surface of the nucleus. embedded in the nucleosome are chromatin, the folded version of DNA and histones

nucleolus

makes the ribosomes, template for nuclear pore, and produces: pre mRNA, pre rRNA, and pre tRNA

nuclear pore complexes

regulate the transport of protein and RNA (responsible for protein formation)

cell wall

commonly found on plant cells and bacteria