Latin Vocabulary and Grammar Overview

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auctor

originator, founder

carmen

song

epistula

letter

fābula

account, tale, story

liber

book

littera

letter, (pl.) literature

poēta

poet

vātēs

poet, bard

verbum

word

aciēs

edge; line of battle

āgmen

line of march

arma

arms, weapons

auxilium

support, assistance; (pl.) auxiliary forces

barbarus

foreigner, barbarian

bellum

war

castrum

fortress, (regularly plural, castra camp)

classis

class, division, fleet

cohors

cohort, band, troop

cōpia

abundance; (pl.) troops

dux

leader, general

eques

horseman, knight

exercitus

army

gladius

sword

gradus

step, pace; grade, rank

hostis

stranger, enemy

imperātor

commander

imperium

command, power

lēgātus

lieutenant, envoy

legiō

legion

mīles

soldier

ōrdō

order, rank

pāx

peace

praeda

booty, prey

praesidium

garrison, protection

proelium

battle

sīgnum

sign, standard, mark

tēlum

missile, weapon, spear

victor

conqueror

victōria

victory

vinculum

bond, fetter, tie

vīs

force; (acc.) vim, (abl.) vī; (pl.) vīrēs, strength

color

color

faciēs

form, appearance

imāgō

image, form, figure

lūmen

light

speciēs

aspect, appearance

tenebrae

darkness, the shadows

umbra

shade, shadow

caedēs

killing, slaughter

cāsus

a fall; chance, accident

damnum

damage, injury

ferrum

iron, iron weapon or implement

īctus

blow, stroke

impetus

attack

perīculum

danger

pūgna

fist-fight; battle

vulnus

wound

error

wandering; error, mistake

exsilium

exile, banishment

fuga

flight, route

iter

journey, route

nāvis

ship

nūntius

messenger; news

vestīgium

footstep, footprint, track

via

way, street

initium

beginning

mora

delay, hindrance

prīncipium

beginning

tempus

time

coniunx

spouse, husband, wife

custōs

guardian

dominus

household master, lord; mistress

familia

household, family

fīlia

daughter

fīlius

son

frāter

brother

gēns

family, clan

genus

origin, lineage, kind

māiōrēs

ancestors

marītus

husband

māter

mother

nātus

son

parēns

parent

pater

father, ancestor

pietās

sense of duty, devotion, esp. between parents and children

servus

slave

soror

sister

uxor

wife

aedēs

building; (pl.) house

domus

house, home

līmen

threshold

mēnsa

table

mūrus

wall

sēdēs

seat, abode, habitation

tēctum

roof; building, house

arx

citadel, castle; summit

cīvis

citizen

cīvitās

citizenship, state

cōnsilium

plan; council, group of advisors

cōnsul

consul