Connected China, India, Europe and the Middle East. Traded goods and helped to spread culture.
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Kashgar
a central trading point where the Eastern and Western Silk Roads met.
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Samarkand
During the rule of Timur Lane was the most influential captial city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs. Located on Silk Roads
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Bills of Exchange
Credit slips used currency to settle financial transactions. Predecessor to modern money. Early paper money
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Mongol Empire
an empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan, which reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century, encompassing the larger part of Asia and extending westward to the Dnieper River in eastern Europe.
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Genghis Khan
Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history.
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Golden Horde
Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. Also known as the Kipchak Horde.
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Kublai Khan
(1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China.
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Yuan Dynasty
(1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureaucrats.
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Dhows
Large ships favored by Indian, Persian, and Arab sailors that could carry up to four hundred tons of cargo.
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Monsoons
A seasonal wind pattern that causes wet and dry seasons.
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Swahili Coast
East African shores of the Indian Ocean between the Horn of Africa and the Zambezi River; from the Arabic Swahili, meaning 'shores.' Influenced by Muslim merchants, engaged in Indian Ocean trade
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Gujarat
Region of western India famous for trade and manufacturing.
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Sultanate of Malacca
Malay dynasty that controlled trade between China and the Indian Ocean trade network.
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Southernization
Developments that were first made in Southern Asia and then spread to other places through trade and conquest
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Malay sailors
Southeast Asian sailors who traveled the Indian Ocean; by 500 C.E., they had colonized Madagascar, introducing the cultivation of the banana
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Trans-Saharan Trade
Routes across the Sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading
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caravan
group of traveling merchants and animals
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Camel Saddle
An invention which gives camel riders more stability on the animal and its invention and basic idea traveled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route. Invented somewhere between 500 and 100 BCE by Bedouin tribes.
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Ghana
First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. gold and salt trade.
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Mali
The kingdom in West Africa that followed the Kingdom of Ghana; its wealth is also based on trans-Saharan trade; this kingdom encouraged the spread of Islam.
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Songhai
a West African empire that conquered Mali and controlled trade from the 1400s to 1591
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Mansa Musa
Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. Very wealthy
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Ibn Battuta
Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.
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Marco Polo
Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.
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Margery Kempe
Wrote the Book of Margery Kempe - considered the 1st autobiography in the Eng. language. Chronicles her pilgrimages to holy sites in Europe and Asia.
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Caravanserai
an inn on some trade networks with a large courtyard that provides accommodation for caravans (merchants and camels)
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Il-Khanate
Mongol empire that ruled over Iran (Persia) & the Middle East
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Chagatai Khanate
Mongol empire in Central Asia between the Il-khanate in Persia & the Yuan Dynasty in China
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yam
Mongol communication system; a high speed horseman carried important information
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magnetic compass
Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north
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Astrolabe
An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets
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junk
A very large flatbottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel.
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Diasporic communities
merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas
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Zheng He
Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's willingness to trade throughout the Indian Ocean trade network
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Lateen Sail
triangular sail that made it possible to sail against the wind; used in the Indian Ocean trade
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Camel Saddle
A supportive structure for a rider or other load of cargo
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Caravans
groups of traveling merchants
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Timbuktu
Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning
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