Studied by 7 people
When did the kaiser abdicate?
9 November 1918
What was the armistice?
TOV
What were the people who signed the armistice called?
The november criminals
What were the weaknesses of the new constitution
article 49
proportional representation
Whats proportional representation
% of votes = % of seats, extremists parties can get into power
Whats article 48
The president can act without reichstag approval in the times of emergency, not very democratic and very powerful
Why was the new constitution strong
genuine democracy
the power of the reichstag
bill of rights
What age could germans vote
20
what rights did the bill of rights promise
freedom of religion
freedom of speech
equality
What was the role of the reichstag
appoint the government and make new laws
Why was weimar unpopular
signing of TOV
stab in the back theory
lost land
no kaiser
more democracy
blamed for war
whats the stab in the back theory
The soldiers felt betrayed as Ebert signed the TOV and lost the war, they were being told they were winning and then they surrendered
Key terms of the TOV
land
army
money
blame
How was land effected
Germany lost land around its boarders to france and belgium
france took coal from the saar land
rhineland was demilitarised
the union of germany and austria was forbidden
How was army effected
only 100,000 troops
no submarines
6 battle ships
15,000 navy
air forced abolished
How was money effected
reparations would go to allies
How much reparations was germany required to pay
6.6 billion
How was blame effected
Germany was forced to accept blame under an article, made germans hate the weimar government
What article caused the blame of germany after the war
article 231
What wing were the spartacists
left
When did the spartacists rebel in berlin
5-12 of january
How many members rebelled
50,000
Who led the spartascist uprising
Rosa luxemberg and karl liebknecht
What did the public do to support the spartacists
Strikes
How were the spartacists defeated
Freikorps army
What wing was the kapp putsch
right
Why did the kapp putsch happen
The freikorps had been disbanded due to the TOV conditions about the army
Who led the kapp putsch
Wolfgang kapp
How long did the kapp putsch last for
13-17 march
Who refused to attack the freikorps
the army
How did the kapp putsch come to an end
German workers went on strike
Why did the france occupy the ruhr
late payment for reparations
What did the government do about the occupation, how did france response
told the workers to be passive aggressive and to refuse work, france responded with violence towards workers
Consequences of the france occupation of the ruhr
decided to print more money → decline in value of money → hyperinflation
general strike
How did hyperinflation occur
late payment
frances occupation of the ruhr
declining economy
printing off money
passive resistance in the ruhr
How did hyperinflation effect germany
debts were paid off
farmers got paid more for goods
wages and prices increased, prices rapidly increased
prices changed constantly
Reasons for economic recovery
the work of stressemann
dawes plan
young plan
retenmark
When did stressemann become chancellor
1923
Impact of retenmark on the economy
stabilised prices, stable economy again
Impact of the work of stressemann on the economy
convinced france to give back the ruhr by promising to pay back reparations
What was the dawes plan, what was the impact, when
lowered reparations
800 million marks of loans from USA
Less pressure on germany to pay reparations, stable economy
-1924
How much marks did the USA give for the loan
800 million
what was the young plan, what was the impact, when
lowered reparations by 20%
given 59 years to pay reparations
Less pressure on germany to pay reparations, stable economy
-1929
Signs of recovery in the golden ages
industrial production levels were higher than before WW1
exports rose by 40 per cent
hourly wages rose yearly
pensions insurance
health insurance
unemployment insurance
Signs of continued weakness in the golden ages
agriculture production did not improve
spent more money on imports
unemployment increased to 1.9 million
german became dependent on USA loans
increase in tax
How much did exports rise by
40%
What insurances were introduced and when
Pension, unemployment, health - 1927
How much did hourly wages rise in 1928
10%
What did unemployment increase to in 1929
1.9 million
What domestic policies did stressemann introduce
locarno pact
joining of the league of nations
kellogg-briand pact
What was the locarno pact, when
germany, france and belgium were to respect boarders, 1925
Whats the league of nations, when did germany join
collection of countries, gave more power and respect to germany - 1926
What was the kellogg-briand pact, when
peacefully settling disputes, 62 countries signed it, 1928
How many countries signed the kellogg-briand pact
62
How did living standards change
rise in hourly wages
pensions and sickness benefits
compulsory unemployment insurance
improved public areas
how many workers did the unemployment insurance cover
17 million
How many houses were built
2 million
What changes happened in the position of women
work
politics
leisure
How did the world of work change for women
welcomed to the workforce
women in work increased
How many more women were working in 1925 than 1907
1.7 million
How did politics change for women
women participated in democracy
politicians recognized women
women became politicians
What didnt change via politics for women
not all women participated
politicians stereotyped women
women didnt become very influential
What was the womens voting turnout in 1919
82%
What was the womens voting turnout compared to men in weimar
5-10% lower
How many representatives were women in parliament in 1933
4.6%
How did leisure change for women
more women took part in sports
women would go out to dance alone
lots of women attended cinemas
How many of people who attended cinemas were women
75%
How did leisure stay the same for women
reading
tea dances where they could meet young men
needlework
gymnastics
How many women were apart of the gymnastics association in 1914
88,000
How many women were apart of the gymnastics association in 1930
200,946
Whats the most influential visual arts movement in Weimar
Bauhaus school
who founded bauhaus school
walter gropius
What two things were introduced in art, films and agriculture
expressionism
experimentism
What did the removal of censorship allow in films, art and agriculture
more freedom in the choices and expressions
When did hitler join the german workers party
1919
When did hitler become the lead speaker for the germans workers party and when was the group named the Nazi party
1920
When did hitler become leader of the Nazi party
1921
what were some key nazi beliefs
strong germany
fuhrer
master race
anti jews and anti communists
How did the nazis appeal to the socialists
farmers are to be given their land
pensions should improve
public industries should be owned by the states
How did the nazis appeal to the nationalists
all german speaking people should be united
TOV should be abolished
should be a special law for foreigners
How many members did the nazi party have by 1923
55,000
What programme did the nazi party put their beliefs in
25 point programe
What was the role of the SA
The nazis private army- to intimidate and create fear for opposition
what was the nickname for the SA
brownshirts
How many members were in the SA by 1932
400,000
Reasons for munich putsch
powerful SA
inspired by mussolini
hyperinflation
strong nazi party
what two government officials did hitler hold at gun point
kahr and lossow
How did the munich putsch fail
kahr had escaped and called the police, the police met with the SA and hitlers supporters and defeated them and hitler fled
Short term failures of the munich putsch
nazi party was banned
hitler went to prison for treason
Long term successes of the munich putsch
mein kampf- propaganda book
reduced sentence to 8 months
used the trial as propaganda
hitler realised he had to change tactics to politically overthrowing weimar
Consequences of the munich putsch
nazi party banned
hitler imprisoned
mein kampf
hitler reorganised his party
When was the munich putsch
1923
How long was hitler sentenced for, how long did he serve
5 years, but only served 8 months
also given very good treatment in prison and was allowed visitors
How many seats did the nazis have in the reichstag in 1924
32
How many seats did the nazis have in the reichstag in 1928
12
Why did the nazi party lose support in the ‘golden ages’
weimar became more popular due to stressemann making germany improve in economics and politics
hitler was imprisoned
fail of the munich putsch
nazi party was banned
When was the bamberg conference
1926
Consequences of the bamberg conference
communist policies would not be allowed or used
remade 25 point programme with some socialist ideas
members must follow all of the leaders instructions
How did the great depression occur
US called in the loans → german industry lost finace, production and workers → wages dropped and prices increase
Causes in a rise in unemployment
cost more to keep staff, so staff were fired
people spent less → less profit → more costs → fired staff to lower costs
Note 
Flashcard (33)